As high school graduation rates inched up for the fourth year in a row, to 83.2 percent, President Barack Obama said that efforts to improve education during his tenure have 鈥渟tarted to pay off.鈥�
But experts say it鈥檚 difficult to determine that federal education policy is responsible for the 1 percentage point uptick in graduation rates in the 2014-15 school year.
What鈥檚 more, they say, higher graduation rates don鈥檛 necessarily mean that more students are leaving high school ready for college or the workplace, especially since so many are unable to enroll in credit-bearing courses when they enter college.
Graduation rates have now risen for students overall by 4.2 percentage points from 79 percent in the 2010-11 school year鈥攖he first year all states used the same method to calculate graduation rates for federal reporting purposes. And while big gaps still exist between black, Hispanic, and Native American students and their white and Asian peers, those gaps are slowly closing.
The rates for black students rose even faster than the average for all students over that same period, increasing by 7.6 percent, while graduation rates for Hispanic students grew by 6.8 percent. What鈥檚 more, the rates for English-language learners, students in special education, and disadvantaged students also climbed faster than those for students overall.
Minority students from a range of subgroups outstripped their white peers in boosting their graduation rates over the past four years, new federal data show.
Source: U.S. Department of Education
Graduation rates increased in nearly every state in recent years. The most-significant increase between the 2010-11 and the 2014-15 school years appears to have been in Alabama, which saw a jump from 72 percent鈥攂elow the national average鈥攖o 89.3 percent over that period. And all but two states, Arizona and Wyoming, saw increases in their graduation rates of at least 1 percentage point since 2010-11.
Alaska, the District of Columbia, Georgia, Nevada, Utah, and West Virginia had increases of more than 10 percentage points. Iowa, Texas, and Nebraska have consistently had some of the highest graduation rates nationally between 2010-11 and 2014-15. The data do not examine graduation requirements, which differ substantially from state to state.
Who Gets the Credit?
Obama appears to be using this graduation-rate announcement to take a education victory lap. The president gave a speech Oct. 17 at Benjamin Banneker Academic High School in the District of Columbia about the impact of his education policies on students from early childhood onward.
鈥淪ome of the changes we made were hard, and some of them were controversial,鈥� Obama said. 鈥淏ut the hard work we put in across the country has started to pay off.鈥�
By way of example, he talked about the administration鈥檚 push to increase investments in early-childhood education. He cited the Race to the Top competitive-grant program, which he said inspired states to raise standards.
But experts caution that there鈥檚 no way to know for sure whether the Obama administration鈥檚 policies had an impact on graduation rates.
鈥淎 number of factors could be leading to this,鈥� said Laura Hamilton, the associate director of RAND Education, a research organization in Santa Monica, Calif. 鈥淚 do think it鈥檚 good news. It鈥檚 definitely a trend we want to see.鈥�
But she added, 鈥淲e need more evidence before we can attribute it to any particular administration or to state or federal dollars.鈥�
In fact, she said, it鈥檚 just as possible that the graduation increase could be a byproduct of the No Child Left Behind Act, which was replaced late last year with the Every Students Succeeds Act. What鈥檚 more, it鈥檚 not clear if higher graduation rates necessarily mean that more students are leaving high school prepared for college, Hamilton said.
鈥淟ots of kids graduate and go on to postsecondary education and need a lot of remedial coursework,鈥� she added.
Preparation Level
A high school diploma doesn鈥檛 necessarily mean that a student is prepared for postsecondary work, agreed Mike Cohen, the president of Achieve, a nonprofit organization in Washington that helps states set expectations for what students need to know and be able to do to be prepared for postsecondary success. Roughly a third of first-year college students take remedial courses that teach them skills they should have learned in high school, he said. They are half as likely to earn a degree as their better-prepared peers are.
And so-called 鈥渃redit recovery鈥� courses鈥攊n which students who have fallen behind can earn credit on a compressed time frame by demonstrating their knowledge鈥攁ppear to have gained in popularity in recent years, Cohen said. But it鈥檚 tough to get a handle on what鈥檚 happening in them, he said.
Even though the news about graduation rates has been positive, the Obama administration鈥檚 tenure also saw the first drop in 4th and 8th reading and math scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, known as 鈥渢he nation鈥檚 report card,鈥� in more than two decades.
In a call with reporters, U.S. Secretary of Education John B. King Jr. acknowledged that there may be variation in what a high school diploma means from one place to another. But he said a diploma can open doors for students.
And King disputed the contention that the administration is taking credit for graduation rate progress. The credit, he said, goes to teachers, students, and local and state leaders.
