State and local officials are slowly untangling complicated webs of accountability, testing, and graduation policies, hoping to give thousands of students displaced by Hurricane Katrina a better handle on their academic standing.
But while officials in Texas, Tennessee, and Alabama offered some guidance to such students last week, school leaders in storm-ravaged Louisiana and Mississippi continued to wait for responses to their requests for flexibility in meeting some federal requirements.
Mississippi state schools chief Hank M. Bounds pressed his case in Washington with members of Congress and officials at the U.S. Department of Education. His state has asked that districts battered by Katrina and those enrolling large numbers of displaced students be exempted this school year from the No Child Left Behind Act鈥檚 rules on adequate yearly progress.
鈥淭he sentiment right now [in the Education Department] is not to grant the waiver on AYP,鈥� the centerpiece of the federal law鈥檚 accountability provisions for schools, Superintendent Bounds said in an interview after those meetings last week. 鈥淭here may some sentiment [to do so] in the future.鈥�
Cecil J. Picard, the state superintendent in Louisiana, has made a similar request. He had hoped to get answers from U.S. Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings during a Sept. 22 meeting in Baton Rouge. That meeting was canceled as federal officials geared up for another potentially devastating storm, Hurricane Rita, which was headed for the coast of Texas and southwestern Louisiana late last week.
Overall, though, the transition from crisis-management mode to one of long-term planning is well under way in state education agencies dealing with the academic implications for students uprooted by Katrina.
鈥淥ur top priority has been getting students into schools,鈥� said Kim Karesh, a spokeswoman for the Tennessee Department of Education, which reported that 3,281 displaced students had enrolled in the state鈥檚 schools. 鈥淣ow we鈥檙e coming back and saying what does this mean.鈥�
Testing in Texas
While federal officials deliberate over how they will handle federal rules, state officials are addressing questions about how to assimilate large numbers of students who have been held to different standards and coursework requirements in their home states.
Their decisions have the potential to change whether a student earns a diploma next spring or advances to the next grade in the 2006-07 school year.
Last week, Mr. Picard met with Texas Commissioner of Education Shirley Neeley to discuss ways to ensure that seniors from Louisiana who have ended up in Texas can earn diplomas on time.
The two state chiefs sought ways for Texas schools to accept credits earned in Louisiana, share transcripts of students returning home, and even administer Louisiana鈥檚 high school exit exam to students who want to earn diplomas from their home schools, according to a news release from the Louisiana Department of Education. According to the most recent count, Texas has enrolled 45,129 Katrina evacuees, most of whom came from Louisiana.
Louisiana students also have the option of taking online high school courses that satisfy their state鈥檚 graduation requirements through Louisiana State University鈥檚 Web site, the state education department said.
While many of such issues remained unanswered last week, other decisions have been made.
For example, if a Louisiana student wants to earn a Texas diploma, he or she will need to abide by the Lone Star State鈥檚 rules, according to Ms. Neeley. She announced that displaced students must pass the state鈥檚 graduation test to earn a Texas diploma and urged them to sit for the Texas test when it鈥檚 given next month. 鈥淚f it seems likely that a student will remain in Texas and work toward a Texas high school diploma, the student and his or her parents should choose for the student to test this October,鈥� Ms. Neeley said in a Sept. 15 memo to school administrators.
In the lower grades, Texas requires students to pass the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills, or TAKS, before being promoted to the 4th, 6th, and 9th grades. The same will be true of evacuees. State law does not give the state commissioner the power to waive the testing requirements, said Debbie Graves Ratcliffe, a spokeswoman for the Texas Education Agency.
But Texas school officials are concerned that students from Louisiana and Mississippi may not be prepared to pass the TAKS, which is aligned to a different curriculum from those that the children have studied.
Texas officials point out that students who fail the tests in the spring will have two chances to pass before the 2006-07 school year begins.
鈥淚f they fail, they immediately get tutoring and all kinds of intervention,鈥� Ms. Ratcliffe said. 鈥淭hey won鈥檛 be left floundering.鈥�
In Louisiana, where most of the nearly 70,000 students from the New Orleans and St. Bernard districts are unlikely to return to their home schools this school year, the state board of education was scheduled to meet this week to discuss whether to go forward with testing required under the No Child Left Behind law.
In Alabama, students who have been displaced from other states will need to pass the Alabama high school exam to earn a diploma there, school officials said.
But officials in Tennessee and Mississippi said they would compare their own state exit exams against those already given to displaced students in other states. If the exams are comparable, they said, the states will waive their own tests and award diplomas to students who have passed the tests in their home states.
Accountability Questions
Mississippi officials don鈥檛 know to what extent their schools will need to comply with the NCLB law鈥檚 accountability requirements. Still, they plan to assess all students鈥攊ncluding those displaced by the hurricane鈥攊n reading and mathematics this year in grades 3-8 and once in high school, as required by the federal law
In the wake of the storm, Mr. Bounds, the Mississippi schools chief, said that the worst-hit districts wouldn鈥檛 need to test students this year. (鈥淢ississippi Begins Clearing Wreckage, Planning for Classes,鈥� Sept. 14, 2005.)
He now says that most of the state鈥檚 testing will occur as planned, which includes the reading and mathematics tests needed to calculate adequate progress under the federal law, and will be administered statewide.
But Mr. Bounds hopes to scale back the potential sanctions for districts in the Gulf Coast and for districts that have accepted large numbers of displaced students鈥攂oth under state and federal accountability rules.
鈥淲hen you have the right curriculum and funding in place, you should be held accountable,鈥� Mr. Bounds said. But it鈥檚 not fair, he added, to hold schools to standard accountability rules after they have missed more than 30 days of instruction鈥攁s many schools in the Gulf Coast will have missed鈥攐r taken in up to 500 students, as districts in Jackson and near Memphis have done.
Mr. Bounds favors letting districts carry over last year鈥檚 state accountability ratings if their scores drop because of the storm鈥檚 impact. He also remains hopeful that the federal Education Department will grant waivers on AYP to schools and districts temporarily closed because of Katrina or enrolling its displaced students. Federal officials told him they would consider those waivers on a case-by-case basis.
鈥淚鈥檓 all for accountability,鈥� Mr. Bounds said. 鈥淚 am much more concerned today about the mental health of children and adults.鈥�
Accountability is expected to come under discussion in a special Mississippi legislative session that was slated to begin Sept. 27, when school officials plan to ask legislators to allow storm-hit districts to request flexibility under the state鈥檚 school accountability and finance laws, said Steve Williams, an executive assistant to the state education superintendent. (鈥淟ousiana, Mississippi Lawmakers to Weigh Revenue Needs,鈥� this issue.)
鈥淭here鈥檚 certainly going to be a hue and cry for relief for those types of things,鈥� he said.
