Educators are still waiting for the presumptive Democratic and Republican presidential nominees to put forth detailed plans on education that would allow a comparison of how the two would shape federal K-12 policy over the next four years.
But in at least one area, the differences between Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., and Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., are clear: education spending.
Sen. McCain pledged in a speech last month 鈥渢o make government in Washington more efficient鈥� and to 鈥渇reeze discretionary spending until we have completed top-to-bottom reviews of all federal programs to weed out failing ones.鈥�
Sen. Obama, meanwhile, has proposed about $18 billion annually in new federal education spending, including programs aimed at expanding early-childhood education and bolstering teacher training.
While it鈥檚 unclear how he would reshape the No Child Left Behind Act, Sen. Obama has also advocated additional funding for the law鈥檚 programs.
鈥淲e can鈥檛 afford to leave the money behind for No Child Left Behind,鈥� he said in a June 3 speech in St. Paul, Minn., in which he unofficially claimed the Democratic nomination. 鈥淲e owe it to our children to invest in early-childhood education [and] recruit an army of new teachers and give them better pay and more support.鈥�
By contrast, Sen. McCain thinks the NCLB law has been adequately funded, Lisa Graham Keegan, a top education adviser to the candidate, said at a forum June 12 at the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a Washington think tank.
It isn鈥檛 clear whether Sen. McCain鈥檚 plan to freeze domestic spending for a year would include all federal education programs.
Some analysts say level funding or cuts appear likely, given Sen. McCain鈥檚 plan to keep most of President Bush鈥檚 tax cuts in place and to balance the federal budget.
鈥淚t鈥檚 impossible that he could make investments in education,鈥� said Robert Gordon, who was Sen. John Kerry鈥檚 domestic-policy adviser during the Massachusetts Democrat鈥檚 2004 presidential campaign. 鈥淚t鈥檚 impossible to imagine he could do anything but cut spending on education, just because it鈥檚 the only way to begin to make the numbers add up.鈥�
Sen. Obama鈥檚 plan to repeal President Bush鈥檚 tax cuts for some of the wealthiest Americans鈥攁 category he has yet to define鈥斺�渕akes it possible to talk about investments in education,鈥� said Mr. Gordon, a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress Action Fund, the advocacy arm of the Washington-based cap.
Federal Funding Debate
Edward Kealy, the executive director for the Committee for Education Funding, a Washington-based lobbying group, said that if Sen. McCain, as president, decided to level-fund education programs, that would amount to a cut, because increasing student enrollments and inflation would mean the same amount of funding wouldn鈥檛 go as far.
Dan Lips, a senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation, based in Washington, said that federal education spending has risen by more than 40 percent since the enactment of the No Child Left Behind law more than six years ago, and that the boost hasn鈥檛 led to a significant increase in student achievement.
He noted that federal appropriations account for just 9 percent of all K-12 education spending nationally, suggesting that states and local governments would be better positioned to finance and implement many education programs.
鈥淔ederal funding comes with strings,鈥� Mr. Lips said. 鈥淚 think people should recognize that there isn鈥檛 simply a pot of additional funding buried under Capitol Hill that could be used to improve schools.鈥�
Sen. McCain鈥檚 campaign did not respond to calls seeking more detail on his education spending proposals by press time. But, during the Fordham Foundation event, Ms. Keegan said the senator would release an education plan around 鈥渂ack to school鈥� time.
Sen. McCain has put forth some interesting embracing performance-based teacher pay, Mr. Gordon said. But, to carry out those plans, he will have to deliver the resources, Mr. Gordon said.
鈥淭he political reality is that if you鈥檙e going to drive reform, ... you need to put money behind that,鈥� he said.
It鈥檚 unclear whether Sen. McCain鈥檚 plan to freeze most domestic programs would continue the stalemate over reauthorization of the NCLB law.
Rep. George Miller, D-Calif., the chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee, cited President Bush鈥檚 unwillingness to raise education funding as one major reason that the law鈥檚 renewal, which had been scheduled for 2007, has stalled.
Obama鈥檚 Boost
Sen. Obama鈥檚 $18 billion includes significant funding for prekindergarten programs, including proposals to quadruple enrollment in Early Head Start, expand the child-care-development tax credit so that it better targets low-income families, and increase aid for programs that provide home-visiting services to disadvantaged first-time mothers.
The Democrat鈥檚 pre-K-12 plan includes new money to offer 鈥渢eacher residencies,鈥� which would permit students interested in serving in high-need schools to work alongside master teachers while earning a degree in education.
And Sen. Obama has suggested $1 billion to help create 鈥渃areer ladders鈥� for teachers, which would allow some educators to get extra pay for serving as mentors to new teachers. He鈥檚 also proposed a $200 million program to help school districts extend instructional time.
The prekindergarten portion of the plan would be paid for by delaying a project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for five years, auctioning off surplus federal property, closing a tax loophole for corporate executives, among other measures, according to the proposal.
The rest of the programs would be paid for 鈥渦sing a small portion of the savings associated with fighting the war in Iraq,鈥� according to Sen. Obama鈥檚 campaign Web site, which gives no details about how much funding might become available through such savings or when.
The $18 billion figure sounds 鈥渓ike an overreach,鈥� said Mr. Lips of the Heritage Foundation. If Sen. Obama is elected, education will have to compete with other priorities, including health care and energy, he said.
But Mr. Kealy of the Committee for Education Funding said that Sen. Obama鈥檚 proposal could represent a 鈥渢urning point for education funding, which has seen only modest increases in recent years.鈥�
鈥淭hat鈥檚 something to hold a new administration accountable to,鈥� Mr. Kealy said. 鈥淲e know there will be all sorts of statements during election season. But you鈥檝e got to be there for the long haul.
鈥淎 new administration will come in, and they鈥檒l say, 鈥楾here鈥檚 so many things we didn鈥檛 expect. We鈥檒l just have to put this stuff on hold for a while.鈥� 鈥�
