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Sen. Mary L. Landrieu is all business as she sits in her office in the Hart Senate office building here discussing the effects of Hurricane Katrina on her hometown of New Orleans.

There鈥檚 no hint of the woman who, in the days after floodwaters raced through the city, said she鈥檇 like to punch President Bush for a fumbled federal response, or who held the Senate floor until 2 a.m. on a day in October exhorting lawmakers to send federal aid to hurricane victims.

That is, until she discusses the possibility that conservative House Republicans will try to block a Senate-passed hurricane education aid plan from becoming law. Then the Louisiana Democrat lets loose.

鈥淚f they have to use poor schoolchildren to promote their political agenda, then I pity them,鈥� she said of the conservatives. 鈥淚鈥檓 not angry with them. I pity them.鈥�

In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, which battered the Gulf Coast on Aug. 29 and led to breaches in the levees that protected New Orleans from the waters of Lake Pontchartrain, Ms. Landrieu, along with others in the Louisiana congressional delegation, has worked to funnel federal aid to the area for everything from job creation to K-12 education.

While her efforts to help schools have won high praise in some circles, other stances she鈥檚 taken鈥攑articularly her support of a new charter school version of the devastated New Orleans public school system鈥攁re driving a wedge between the second-term senator and some of her core political supporters.

But she said in the Nov. 17 interview that she鈥檚 willing to trade some disapproval for a historic opportunity to improve schools in the state.

鈥淚 have just passed the point where I鈥檓 willing to defend these systems,鈥� Ms. Landrieu said. 鈥淢y job is to defend the children, to fight for them to get a quality education, and so I鈥檓 willing to take political criticism if it comes my way.鈥�

Stepping Out of the Box

Sen. Landrieu鈥檚 family has suffered its own share of Hurricane Katrina fallout. She, her husband, lawyer Frank Snellings, and their two children evacuated New Orleans just before the storm, setting up shop in Baton Rouge, the state capital. Several of the senator鈥檚 eight siblings who live in New Orleans lost their homes, and her father, Maurice E. 鈥淢oon鈥� Landrieu, a former mayor of the city, and her mother, Verna, evacuated under a hurricane threat for the first time ever.

State schools Superintendent Cecil J. Picard said that in the wake of the hurricane, Sen. Landrieu was a constant presence in his office, in person and through her aides, who called daily for updates on education in the disaster-stricken areas.

But even before Katrina swept through Louisiana, Sen. Landrieu had taken an activist role on education issues, Mr. Picard said. From making sure state education programs got plenty of federal grants to taking a lead in new education ventures in the state, Ms. Landrieu has come through, he said.

鈥淢ary has been willing to step out of the box and do what鈥檚 best for education, and that鈥檚 why I respect her,鈥� Mr. Picard said.

She鈥檚 hoping to step out of the box once again for what she believes could be a leap forward for the New Orleans school system, which was scheduled this week to reopen its first school since the storm hit. The district was faltering even before floodwaters washed through school cafeterias and libraries.

Now state and federal lawmakers and some education officials see the disaster as an opportunity to create something new. Under a plan the Louisiana legislature was expected to approve in a special session slated to end last week, the state would take over most of New Orleans鈥� public schools and would likely turn some of them over to outside groups to be run as charter schools. (鈥淟a. Lawmakers OK Plan to Give State Control of Most New Orleans Schools,鈥� this issue.)

Sen. Landrieu, who was re-elected in a tough 2002 campaign with the support of the state teachers鈥� unions, backs the idea. One of her five keys to rebuilding New Orleans, she said, is to rebuild the education system in a more entrepreneurial spirit.

But Steve Monaghan, the president of the 21,000-member Louisiana Federation of Teachers, said he鈥檚 upset that teachers鈥� wishes are being ignored, and that he hasn鈥檛 heard from Sen. Landrieu on the matter.

鈥淲hen people need political support, they ask you to stand with them and work with them and embrace a vision,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hen when they鈥檙e making moves like this, there is no conversation. That to me is heartbreaking.鈥�

But Ms. Landrieu鈥檚 backing for charter schools shouldn鈥檛 be a surprise. Months before Hurricane Katrina was even a swirl on a weather map, the senator helped found the Education Venture Fund, a statewide public-private partnership in Louisiana which before the hurricane had hoped to raise $4 million this school year and $10 million the following year in federal dollars and private donations to support converting failing regular schools into charter schools, which are public but largely independent.

The Education Venture Fund, run by James Meza, the dean of the college of education at the University of New Orleans, recruits organizations to take over failing schools, provides them with seed money, and oversees their efforts. When the program was launched earlier this year, New Orleans鈥� P.A. Capdau Junior High School, run by the University of New Orleans, was the only school in the pilot project. Though Capdau is still closed following Hurricane Katrina, officials are saying it may open in January.

Groups such as the New Orleans Urban League were supportive, and the teachers鈥� unions weren鈥檛 highly vocal in opposing the small program. But with the prospect of an expansion of charter schooling in the post-Katrina district, Sen. Landrieu may now find herself in the middle of a fierce debate.

鈥淭he senator will continue to provide leadership on this,鈥� Mr. Meza said. 鈥淪he鈥檚 so passionate about these children that I believe she thinks it鈥檚 worth taking any political risk.鈥�

Others in the education community were disappointed that Sen. Landrieu鈥檚 proposal for federal hurricane aid, which called for a whopping $250 billion for Louisiana鈥檚 restoration, also included $4,000 for public and private schools for each displaced student they took in. Though that proposal didn鈥檛 make it through the Senate, Sen. Landrieu helped push through a $1.66 billion education aid package sponsored by Sen. Michael B. Enzi, R-Wyo., the chairman of the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, and Sen. Edward M. Kennedy, D-Mass., the ranking member, that would provide $6,000 to private schools for each displaced student they enrolled.

Though Sen. Landrieu said she is opposed to private school vouchers, in this case she supports federal education dollars going to private schools, including religious schools. The senator herself has strong ties to the Roman Catholic school system as a graduate of Ursuline Academy, a Catholic girls鈥� school in New Orleans.

鈥淭his is not the beginning of a nationwide voucher program,鈥� she said in the interview, referring to the Enzi-Kennedy measure. 鈥淚n an emergency, sometimes you need to change rules and try new things鈥�

Like Ms. Landrieu, the Louisiana School Boards Association typically opposes vouchers. But its executive director, W.F. 鈥淔reddie鈥� Whitford, praised the senator鈥檚 work in education and said he, too, sees the need for a new approach. 鈥淥rdinarily, we鈥檇 be out there in the forefront fighting any money going to private schools, but I think we鈥檙e going to take a softer approach,鈥� he said this month.

But Carol Davis, the president of the 20,000-member Louisiana Association of Educators, which is an affiliate of the National Education Association, said she doesn鈥檛 believe politicians who say these voucher proposals are limited measures.

鈥淚t鈥檚 like the levees breaking. It started as a trickle and then the water flowed in and destroyed big parts of the city,鈥� Ms. Davis said. 鈥淚 see the word voucher on that water all the time.鈥�

The Old-Boys Club

Sen. Landrieu, 50, seems confident she can weather any post-Katrina political storm. It鈥檚 an attitude she鈥檚 honed over nearly 30 years of political service鈥攁nd an even longer time soaking up the distinctive tang of Bayou politics at the feet of her father.

Moon Landrieu, now 75, was the mayor of New Orleans from 1970 to 1978. He used to take Mary, his eldest daughter, with him as he tromped the city streets asking for votes. Mr. Landrieu鈥檚 eyes watch over his daughter in Washington from a portrait on her office wall.

Mary Landrieu has gone from being the youngest woman in the state legislature to a U.S. senator, and along the way weathered nail-biting elections that sharpened her political skills, said Mr. Picard, the state superintendent. Mr. Picard was a member of the state Senate when Ms. Landrieu arrived in the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1980 to confront an old-boys club that wasn鈥檛 always kind.

鈥淪he was young and without experience, and the big boys made the little girls cry,鈥� Mr. Picard said. 鈥淪he has really evolved and toughened up. She can play with the big boys now.鈥�

In Washington, she has. She was at the table in helping to craft the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001, getting her own amendment into the law to ensure that Title I compensatory education money goes to the neediest districts first. She has a coveted seat on the Senate Appropriations Committee, and is a member of the subcommittee that deals with education. She has been adept at securing millions of federal dollars for education projects in Louisiana, Mr. Picard said.

鈥淚 have seen her evolve,鈥� he said, 鈥渂ut she鈥檚 always been a friend to education.鈥�