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Forty-six states鈥攔epresenting 80 percent of the nation鈥檚 K-12 student population鈥攈ave formally agreed to join forces to create common academic standards in math and English language arts through an effort led by the and the .
The four states not on board, as of last week, were Alaska, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas.
鈥淭his is a giant step,鈥� said U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, who has been pushing states to adopt common, rigorous standards. 鈥淚t would have been unimaginable, this kind of thing, just a year or two ago.鈥�
As for those states holding out, he said: 鈥淚鈥檓 not focused on politics, but there鈥檚 plenty of time鈥� for them to sign on.
In each of the 46 states, both the governor and the chief education officer signed a memorandum of agreement committing to the process and development of voluntary, common standards鈥攖he tangible result of a daylong meeting in Chicago in April. The District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have also agreed to take part.
鈥淚t鈥檚 going to take both the governor and the chief to get this work done,鈥� said Dane Linn, the director of the education division of the Washington-based NGA鈥檚 Center for Best Practices. 鈥淭his is really becoming an economic and a moral imperative. We can鈥檛 afford to keep operating in a vacuum.鈥�
The groups plan to pursue their aggressive timeline of getting college- and career-readiness standards鈥攖hose things students should know by the time they finish high school鈥攊n draft form for states and eventually the public to review in July. Grade-by-grade standards鈥攚hich the organizers are also calling 鈥渓earning progression standards鈥濃�攁re set to be done in December.
Working groups composed of representatives from the Washington-based group Achieve, the New York City-based College Board, and ACT Inc., the Iowa City, Iowa-based organization that administers the college-entrance test of that name, will develop the standards.
Both the NGA and the CCSSO plan to create a 鈥渧alidation鈥� committee made up of independent national and international experts in content standards to review and comment on the drafts. The experts will be nominated by states and organizations, but ultimately chosen by those two organizations.
Once the standards are agreed to, it will be up to the states to get them adopted. The signed memo stipulates that the common core must represent at least 85 percent of a state鈥檚 standards, and that the common core needs to be adopted within three years.
The memo also spells out that the governors鈥� association and the state chiefs鈥� council will convene a 鈥渘ational policy forum鈥� to facilitate the sharing and coordination of this standards effort. The forum will include the Alliance for Excellent Education, the Business Roundtable, the National School Boards Association, the Council of the Great City Schools, the James B. Hunt Jr. Institute for Leadership and Policy, and the National Association of State Boards of Education.
One influential organization that focuses on subject matter, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, released a statement last week asking that state officials, in trying to craft national standards, consider the work that group has already done.
鈥淲e hope that in this fast-moving political movement [NCTM鈥檚 work] is not forgotten,鈥� NCTM President Henry Kepner said. 鈥淲e鈥檝e been through many of the [issues] that the standards document is going to produce. 鈥� we鈥檝e grown and learned.鈥�
Lengthy Process
The 46-state commitment follows an April 17 meeting in Chicago that drew representatives from 41 states. The one-day summit was meant to get education chiefs and governors鈥� policy advisers in a room to learn about the effort, and eventually to commit to it. (鈥淣GA, CCSSO Launch Common Standards Drive,鈥� April 20, 2009.)
鈥淲e didn鈥檛 want them to join in a cavalier way,鈥� said Gene Wilhoit, the executive director of the Washington-based CCSSO. 鈥淚t鈥檚 time for a very serious effort.鈥�
A primary goal is to eliminate the patchwork of academic standards across the country that result in students in the same grades learning different things in different states. The effort also is intended to devise a more rigorous common set of academic targets, and then internationally benchmark them.
But that isn鈥檛 a persuasive argument for officials in Texas, which just approved new English and math standards, and developed and ordered new testing materials and textbooks as a result. Switching gears could cost the state up to $3 billion, said Texas Education Agency spokeswoman DeEtta Culbertson.
鈥淭he economic reasons [for holding out] are substantial,鈥� she said.
In South Carolina, a spokesman for Gov. Mark Sanford said that the state has a separately elected superintendent of education, and that Gov. Sanford, a Republican, deferred to Superintendent Jim Rex to make the decision.
鈥淭he governor does not have a role in implementing education policy,鈥� spokesman Joel Sawyer said.
But even though Mr. Rex, a Democrat, has signed on, Gov. Sanford will still not sign the agreement, Mr. Sawyer added.
Pete Pillow, a spokesman for the education superintendent, said the state education department is already preparing to pursue the common standards even if South Carolina isn鈥檛 officially part of the larger group.
Missouri isn鈥檛 necessarily holding out for good, but is currently searching for a new education chief. Gov. Jay Nixon, a Democrat, wanted to wait until a new chief is on board, which will probably be this summer, said spokesman Scott Holste.
In Alaska, Gov. Sarah Palin, a Republican, said in a press release that although the state isn鈥檛 participating, it will 鈥渕onitor鈥� the situation. 鈥淚f this initiative produces useful results, Alaska will remain free to incorporate them in our own standards,鈥� she said.
For states that are forging ahead, there could be a financial payoff.
Chiefs and governors have their eyes on federal economic-stimulus money in the $4.35 billion Race to the Top fund, authorized as part of the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which Secretary Duncan will dole out in the form of competitive grants to states. Mr. Duncan and President Obama are pushing for voluntary common content standards.
