As part of their routine hiring practices, Clark County, Nev., school officials scour colleges across the country and use innovative technology to try to recruit enough teachers to fill classrooms in the fast-growing district.
But knowing there just weren鈥檛 enough special educators to be found, George Ann Rice turned to the school system鈥檚 special education classes themselves.
鈥淲e found we really need to grow our own, in addition to looking outside the district,鈥� said Ms. Rice, the assistant superintendent for personnel for the Las Vegas-area district, the nation鈥檚 9th largest.
In those classrooms, she found 30 paraprofessionals, long-term substitutes, and parents of students with disabilities--all of whom were already familiar with special education and the challenges it poses--who wanted to become teachers. She began working with professors at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, the state鈥檚 main teacher-training college, to create a curriculum that would put them on a fast track to a special education degree.
Paying Salaries
Clark County鈥檚 creation is an alternative program that educators believe to be one of a kind.
- 鈥� States鈥� Uneven Teacher Supply Complicates Staffing of Schools
- 鈥� Technology Eases Teacher Recruitment for School Districts
Part 1
March 10, 1999
- 鈥� New Teachers Abandon Field at High Rate
Part 2
March 17, 1999
- 鈥� All Classes of Spec. Ed. Teachers in Demand Throughout Nation
- 鈥� Burgeoning Nevada District Concentrates on 鈥楪rowing鈥� Its Own
- 鈥� Prospective Teachers in Rural Areas Tune In to Satellite Classes
Part 3
March 24, 1999
- 鈥� Out-of-Field Teaching Is Hard To Curb
Part 4
March 31, 1999
- 鈥� Crackdowns on Emergency Licenses Begin as Teacher Shortages Loom
Part 5
April 7, 1999
Using money initially allotted for 65 special education positions that the schools couldn鈥檛 fill this year, the district is paying full-time salaries and benefits for the 30 aspiring teachers while they attend classes nine hours a day at the nearby UNLV campus.
By 鈥渂reaking virtually every rule within the university structure,鈥� said Thomas B. Pierce, the chairman of UNLV鈥檚 special education department, professors at his school and Ms. Rice set up an experimental program that aims to give the students a bachelor鈥檚 degree and certification as special education teachers in one year.
Credit Hours Trebled
The curriculum is daunting. For the first semester, the students took 46 credit hours, instead of the typical 15. Each class lasted one week, running daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., and built on the content of the previous classes.
After class, the students studied or wrote their research papers, meaning a routine day could easily last 16 hours.
During this, the second semester, the students are taking 17 credit hours of classes, and they must complete a pre-student-teaching assignment. Come summer, they will be expected to complete their student-teaching requirement in the county鈥檚 year-round schools.
鈥淭hey are not in a watered-down program,鈥� Ms. Rice said. 鈥淲e made it clear: You have to perform.鈥�
Before applying to the program, students had to have completed all core coursework-- 60 hours with a 2.5 grade point average--for an education degree. The prospective teachers pick up the tab for their tuition at UNLV, about $10,000, and agree to teach special education in Clark County for five years. All must have a good employment record and undergo intensive interviews with university and district staff members.
The advantage of 鈥済rowing your own鈥� is that the teachers are likely to stay in the district, Ms. Rice said. Many in the UNLV program are Las Vegas natives or have settled in its desert climate long-term with their families. Furthermore, by recruiting special education personnel who know the demands of the job, they are more likely to stay in special education jobs, Ms. Rice added.
鈥淩esearch told us, if you want a teacher that won鈥檛 leave you, look at aides and long-term substitutes,鈥� said Kyle Higgins, an associate professor of special education at unlv who helped design the program鈥檚 curriculum. The university faculty and Ms. Rice built the program from scratch, Ms. Higgins said, because they found no similar programs to replicate.
Knowing What It Takes
So far, the one-year experiment has worked even better than its creators had hoped. No student has dropped out, and very few have missed classes. The average GPA is 3.86 out of a possible 4.0.
The students, who range in age from their late 20s to early 50s, all have a persistence and maturity often found lacking in traditional college students, Ms. Higgins said. In addition, they have the advantage of already being acquainted with special education terminology and practices.
The teacher-candidates themselves say they are well aware of the requirements of the job--and have the patience, motivation, and desire to teach special education students.
鈥淲e have been in the classroom, and we鈥檝e seen the upside and the downside,鈥� said Terri Buhecker, who was a substitute teacher for nine years.
Added her classmate, Nicole Dobbins, who was a substitute teacher, 鈥淔ar too many people are held up on the paperwork of the job, but we have gotten beyond that.鈥�
Many of those in the program are within reach of realizing their longtime goal of becoming a teacher, one they wondered if they would ever achieve because of time or financial constraints.
About half the class is made up of Hispanic, African-American, or male students--diversity rarely seen at the front of special education classrooms, even though a disproportionate number of students with disabilities are male and are from minority groups.
鈥淲e are getting seven bilingual special education teachers. They are impossible to find,鈥� a beaming Ms. Rice said.
Taking Risks
Clark County has been struggling to keep up with the pace of its student enrollment at nearly all levels. Enrollment has leapt from 95,000 in 1985-86 to 210,000 this year, and is projected to grow to 285,000 students by the 2004-05 school year.
Meanwhile, this year alone the district hired a total of 1,900 teachers, and expects to hire 2,500 more for next year. Among this year鈥檚 new recruits were 280 special education teachers.
While the extreme teacher shortage in general is further complicated by pending teacher and principal retirements, the need has also presented an opportunity to be innovative, Ms. Rice said.
In addition to the UNLV program, Clark County has worked with the local community college system to create evening and weekend special education classes whose credits can transfer to UNLV. The district had set aside $30,000 to pay for classes for any staff member who wanted to pursue a teaching degree. That fund was quickly depleted.
Clark County administrators are also drafting plans for alternative-certification routes and other recruiting tactics to bolster their special education ranks.
But 鈥渢here isn鈥檛 a shortage of teacher-candidates, there鈥檚 a shortage of programs that meet the needs of teacher-candidates,鈥� Ms. Rice asserted. For example, navigating the state certification and university bureaucracies was an arduous process that could make similar programs hard to implement in other fast-growing districts, she said.
UNLV faculty members, too, were skeptical about the quality of the accelerated program when first presented with its blueprint, said Teresa S. Jordan, the interim dean of the UNLV college of education.
鈥淚t made me very nervous,鈥� she said. 鈥淏ut I also realized that if we鈥檙e going to solve these problems, and care about quality, we鈥檙e going to have to take some risks and look at innovative ways of doing things.鈥�
Now, the district and UNLV have begun planning for a second class of prospective special education teachers, and they hope it will be the last one needed to quench the district鈥檚 needs.
鈥淚t really has turned out better than I expected,鈥� Ms. Jordan said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a very viable program.鈥�
A more resounding endorsement comes from Linda Lewis, a student and the mother of two children with disabilities. 鈥淚 would have no qualms about any of these people teaching my kids,鈥� she said.
