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Introduction
At the headwaters of Kachemak Bay and past the terminus of Alaska鈥檚 Kenai Peninsula road system sits the village of Kachemak Selo. There鈥檚 technically no road to Selo鈥攁s locals call it鈥攋ust a steep switchback dirt trail taking vehicles with four-wheel drive 800 feet down to the rocky beach where the community sits.
The community鈥檚 remoteness is one of the reasons Selo has been struggling for nearly a decade to get a new school. Kachemak Selo School鈥攁 set of three buildings built in the 1980s and 90s by local residents鈥攊s 鈥渄eteriorated beyond useful capacity,鈥� according to the Kenai Peninsula Borough School District. The community has little hope that a replacement school will come anytime soon for the school鈥檚 39 K-12 students.
While rural districts across the U.S. struggle to pay to maintain adequate school buildings, Selo鈥檚 challenges are particularly complicated, compounded by the community鈥檚 distinct desire to maintain cultural independence, a patchwork of school finance regulations, deteriorating state support, and the high cost of construction in a roadless and remote community.
The sole community enterprise, the Village of Kachemak Selo Water Company Inc., owns the two buildings that house the central office and the elementary school. The building housing the middle and high school is owned by a private citizen and has more visible damage than the others, with cracks in the corners, crooked door frames, and floors so uneven that the furniture must be reinforced to stay in place. Books stacked under table legs keep the surfaces level.
The schools are among 42 operated by the borough school district, which serves nearly 8,500 students in an area the size of West Virginia. The territory includes some urban schools, rural schools, three other Russian Old Believer schools, and a few Alaska Native Village schools.
In 2011, Selo petitioned its borough government for a new school. The borough then petitioned the state, which responded five years later, appropriating $10 million to build it. To take advantage of those funds, however, the borough had to provide a $5.5 million match. (The price tag reflects the difficulty of carting construction materials to the village.) Borough voters rejected the bond petition for the matching funds in October 2018. And, although the state extended its offer to June 2021, Kachemak Selo Principal Michael Wojciak said voter approval for a second-round vote will be 鈥渁 tough sell.鈥�
鈥淚 get it,鈥� said Wojciak. 鈥淲e鈥檙e in an economic hardship, whether it鈥檚 the borough or the state. For people to vote for higher taxes鈥攊t鈥檚 not a great time to do that.鈥� According to the borough, that bond would equate to $4.95 per $100,000 of assessed real or personal property values.
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Long History of Isolation
Old Believers are Eastern Orthodox Christians who fled Russia in the 17th century in order to worship free of persecution or outside influences. Selo is one of four such villages established on the southern Kenai Peninsula in the 1960s. There are no stores here, just a school and a few dozen homes. The women wear long dresses they make themselves, and the men wear traditional tunics with special collars and a thin belt cinched at the waist. Russian, in addition to English, is spoken throughout the community and taught in school. The Kenai Peninsula school district gives Old Believer schools control of their calendars to accommodate time off for holy days.
Drivers who brave the precipitous switchback trail to Selo can see the village entrance about a quarter mile down the beach, where a handful of no trespassing signs are posted on trees. Like other Old Believer communities, Selo embraces its privacy and isolation.
That desire for cultural independence may be one reason the school bond caused controversy within the village.
鈥淣obody wants the borough coming down,鈥� said Andy Rothenberger, a teacher in Kachemak Selo鈥檚 middle and high school. 鈥淭he town wants their anonymity, and they鈥檙e willing to put up with it.鈥�
Nobody wants the borough coming down. The town wants their anonymity, and they鈥檙e willing to put up with it.
Rothenberger left the community to teach across the peninsula in the town of Seward, but missed Selo and returned, thinking he could help continue the fight for an adequate school. Now, he said, some members of the community have grown frustrated and apathetic.
鈥淵ou definitely heard it after the bond failed from the kids,鈥� Rothenberger said. 鈥淭hey were really disappointed and involved in the effort.鈥�
Kachemak Selo student Susanna Reutov, 16, exemplified that view. 鈥淥ur school is really crappy,鈥� she said. 鈥淚 didn鈥檛 mean to use that word. But there are always earthquakes, and every time there鈥檚 an earthquake there鈥檚 a bunch of cracks in the wall. You wonder if there鈥檚 ever going to be a big earthquake where the whole school would just fall apart.鈥� (The community has experienced tremors from other earthquakes in that part of the state in recent years.)
Our school is really crappy. I didn鈥檛 mean to use that word. But there are always earthquakes, and every time there鈥檚 an earthquake there鈥檚 a bunch of cracks in the wall.
Susanna and her brother Kelsey, 14, don鈥檛 expect to get a new school until after they graduate鈥攂ut they hope it will be in time for their 8-year-old brother to benefit.
Some residents also worry about the potential income loss if a new, borough-owned school is built, Wojciak said. The community collects rent from the borough on two of the buildings, which helps maintain the utility company and the trail in and out of Selo. The middle-high school building is privately owned.
1/A Preference for Isolation: Selo students and siblings鈥�9th grader Kesely Reutov and 11th grader Susanna Reutov鈥攚ear elements of traditional Old Believer clothing. The men typically wear tunics with a cinched belt and a special collar; the women wear long dresses which they make themselves.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
2/A Preference for Isolation: Selo students and siblings鈥�9th grader Kesely Reutov and 11th grader Susanna Reutov鈥攚ear elements of traditional Old Believer clothing. The men typically wear tunics with a cinched belt and a special collar; the women wear long dresses which they make themselves.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
3/A Preference for Isolation: Selo students and siblings鈥�9th grader Kesely Reutov and 11th grader Susanna Reutov鈥攚ear elements of traditional Old Believer clothing. The men typically wear tunics with a cinched belt and a special collar; the women wear long dresses which they make themselves.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛Old Believers are Eastern Orthodox Christians who refused to adopt the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in the 17th century. This schism caused the Old Believers to be anathematized, or cast out by Russian society, leading them to flee to isolation where they can worship free of persecution and outside influences. It wasn鈥檛 until 1971 that the anathemas were revoked. Today, Old Believer villages are found across the globe, from China to Brazil. In the United States, they exist primarily in Oregon and Alaska.
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A Common Concern
Kachemak Selo School isn鈥檛 the only one in the district outliving its useful life. In 2018, the district said a quarter of its schools were 50 years old or older, and 80 percent were more than 30 years old. Pegge Erkeneff, the district鈥檚 communications director, said Selo is unusual among other district schools because the district doesn鈥檛 own the building and thus can only provide limited maintenance.
The problem of deteriorating school buildings is one that plagues the state鈥攁nd the nation. The United States faces a $46 billion annual shortfall in funds to keep school buildings healthy, safe, and conducive to learning, according to the 2016 report, 鈥淪tate of Our Schools,鈥� by the 21st Century School Fund, the National Council on School Facilities, and the Center for Green Schools.
1/An Inadequate Space: The elementary school building was built several decades ago by local residents.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
2/An Inadequate Space: Among the signs that the middle-high school building is deteriorating: a cracked wall, sloping floors, and bent lockers.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
3/An Inadequate Space: Among the signs that the middle-high school building is deteriorating: a cracked wall, sloping floors, and bent lockers.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
4/An Inadequate Space: Among the signs that the middle-high school building is deteriorating: a cracked wall, sloping floors, and bent lockers.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
5/An Inadequate Space: Among the signs that the middle-high school building is deteriorating: a cracked wall, sloping floors, and bent lockers.鈥� Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛In some ways, though, Alaska may be more generous than some other states in sharing the cost of new school buildings. Twelve states provide no direct funding or reimbursements to school districts for capital spending, according to the report.
The 49th state offers grants and debt reimbursement for projects that cost $50,000 or more. The Alaska legislature uses state-created priority lists to determine appropriations for school infrastructure, which vary from year to year and come in the form of a grant that requires the district to match 2 percent to 35 percent of the project鈥檚 total cost.
On average, the state shoulders 37 percent of the cost of capital construction for schools, as compared with the national average of 18 percent, according to the State of Our Schools study.
The study projects Alaska will need to spend about $1.10 billion in new school construction by 2024 to address its aging school infrastructure鈥攁 price tag that could grow as natural disasters and climate events grow in frequency.
Heidi Teshner, the director of finance and support services for the Alaska Department of Education and Early Development, said funding for the grant and debt reimbursement programs has not changed in 20 years, even as availability varies annually.
Kachemak Selo & Kenai Peninsula Borough School District
At a Glance
District Size
25,600 square miles, an area the size of West Virginia
Schools & Students
Kachemak Selo:
• 1 school; 3 buildings
• 39 students
Kenai Peninsula Borough:
• 42 schools
• 8,478 students
Map
But in the Kenai Peninsula, borough finance director Brenda Ahlberg said the amount the state provides for school construction and debt service has been diminishing.
How the state plans to address school infrastructure issues in Selo and other communities is unclear. Gov. Mike Dunleavy, a former educator elected in 2018, ran on a platform to shrink the size and cost of government and close a state budget deficit created by dwindling oil revenues. In his first year as governor, Dunleavy made deep budget cuts in departments across the state, including education.
Dunleavy said in a March 2019 interview that the state could explore ways to educate children outside of a traditional brick-and-mortar school building, potentially through distance learning.
鈥淪ometimes we get hung up on buildings in schooling, and less so on educational outcomes,鈥� he said.
And while the federal government provided funding that helped build the state鈥檚 education infrastructure during the 1930s and after World War II, there is almost no such support now, according to the State of Our Schools analysis. A Congressional proposal to appropriate $100 billion nationwide for school repairs and rebuilding has languished in the U.S. House of Representatives.
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Facilities鈥� Link to Learning
However, studies show school infrastructure can impact educational outcomes. Air ventilation, adequate lighting, and acoustics have all been shown to help students remain alert and ready to learn, the State of Schools study says. Poor facilities are also linked to student truancy and higher rates of suspension, according to the report.
In Selo, Principal Wojciak said a new school could help with student absenteeism.
鈥淲e have a plenty big enough problem with students skipping school and absences,鈥� Wojciak said. 鈥淚f they had a beautiful building to go to everyday it might be a little more of an incentive.鈥�
There are no estimates of how much longer the community school buildings can be used. If the school is shut down, the district says, it will ensure that students have 鈥渁 continuity of operations in an alternative learning environment.鈥� That might mean placement in the district鈥檚 homeschool program, online distance learning options or 鈥渟pace at the closest area school for students.鈥�
The next closest school would likely be another Old Believer School, either in Voznesenka or Razdolna, both of which sit atop mountains behind the community. Getting there would mean driving a school bus on the beach, then up the switchback trail.
In the meantime, local leaders are reconsidering their push. While Kenai Peninsula Borough Mayor Charlie Pierce said he isn鈥檛 interested in introducing another bond proposition, a smaller, less expensive building may be within means. The school district is working on a $30 million bond package proposal that would help pay for repairs in schools across the district and build a new school in Selo, superintendent John O鈥橞rien announced this month. The package includes 19 deferred maintenance projects and the $5.3 million in matching funds needed to take up the state grant offer.
At some point there鈥檚 a legal responsibility to give kids an adequate space. At some point, somebody is on the hook.
Wojciak, for one, hasn鈥檛 lost hope.
鈥淎t some point there鈥檚 a legal responsibility to give kids an adequate space,鈥� he said. 鈥淎t some point, somebody is on the hook. I don鈥檛 know what or when it is, but in time, something will change.鈥�
This is the third and final in a series of articles鈥攐ffering snapshots of schooling and student and teacher experiences in the 49th state鈥攆rom 鈥淟etters From Alaska,鈥� a project exploring how cultural and geographic barriers, teacher shortages, history, the natural environment, and other factors have shaped schooling in Alaska.
The project is funded by the , which supports enterprising or investigative work each year in pre-K-12 education. The fellowship honors the now-retired Gregory M. Chronister, a longtime executive editor, managing editor, associate editor, and Commentary editor at 澳门跑狗论坛.
Kachemak Selo
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Full Credits:
Reporter: Victoria Petersen
Videographer: Erin Irwin
Photographer: Ash Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
Project Editors: Elizabeth Rich, Debra Viadero
Visual Design Editor: Emma Patti-Harris
Art Director: Gina Tomko
Associate Art Director: Vanessa Solis
Web Designer/Producer: Hyon-Young Kim
Contributors: Mike Bock, Sasha Jones, Maya Riser-Kositsky
Lead Graphic: The Kachemak Selo School serves 39 students in grades K-12 in a roadless and remote village established by Russian Old Believers, a branch of the Russian Orthodox Church. 鈥擜sh Adams for 澳门跑狗论坛
Vol. 39, Issue 21, Pages 1, 16-19
A version of this article appeared in the February 12, 2020 edition of 澳门跑狗论坛 as A Village鈥檚 Long Wait for a New School
