In a move signaling its entrance into a burgeoning conversation about teacher-preparation reform, the American Federation of Teachers has unveiled an ambitious initiative calling for higher standards for teacher education鈥攁nd the creation of a 鈥渦niversal assessment鈥� for teachers.
Such an exam would be analogous to the bar exam for lawyers, and states could choose to adopt it as part of teachers鈥� initial licensing as a measure of when candidates are ready to lead their own classrooms.
The 1.5 million-member union called on the Washington-based National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, which runs a prestigious advanced-certification program, to oversee the initiative and to drum up support among the higher education community and state policymakers.
鈥淚t is very important that the profession buy into this, that it鈥檚 not just the AFT and the national board,鈥� AFT President Randi Weingarten said.
Old Idea, New Context
The product of months of discussion by an AFT task force, the report, released last week, recommends that teacher-preparation programs raise their entry
All teacher-candidates should undergo a year鈥檚 worth of student-teaching, the report says, and candidates should be taught to diagnose learning problems, align curricular units to state standards, and use assessments to tailor instruction.
Finally, it calls on the NBPTS to devise a rigorous exam measuring content, pedagogy, and classroom practice, based on a cohesive set of teaching standards crafted by practitioners. States would voluntarily choose to use the exam for licensing. The union envisions the test to be similar to state bar exams, with a common body of knowledge assessed, but with possible state adaptations.
The union proposed similar ideas as early as the mid-1980s, without success. But teacher preparation has drawn renewed policy attention of late, with the U.S. Department of Education, national accreditors, the National Education Association, and advocacy groups all unveiling initiatives in recent months.
The report also reflects the AFT鈥檚 continued uneasiness with alternative-certification programs and with the Education Department鈥檚 pending overhaul of federal teacher-training rules. The union鈥檚 view of improving teacher preparation, the report says, 鈥渋s neither to create an endless array of externally driven requirements by government and accrediting agencies, nor to create endless alternative-certification models designed to save the system."Ms. Weingarten added during a press conference: 鈥淚f [the exam is] adopted for teachers who come out of [traditional teacher preparation], it has to be adopted for teachers who are alternatively certified as well. One has to level the playing field for all.鈥�
The first step for the national board is to establish a commission to craft a cohesive set of standards for what beginning teachers should know. The president and chief executive officer of the NBPTS, Ronald Thorpe, said he would move to create that commission within 90 days.
鈥淚t鈥檚 an opportunity for the profession to step back and say these are our expectations, based on what the profession sees as important to have when you set foot in the classroom on the first day,鈥� Mr. Thorpe said.
Multiple Challenges
Any new assessment also seems likely to dovetail with the EDTPA, a performance-based licensing assessment more than 20 states recently piloted.
Jane West, the vice president of government relations for the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, a partner in the creation of that exam, said that it wasn鈥檛 entirely clear how the efforts would be coordinated, but that they seemed to be 鈥渕oving in the same direction.鈥�
鈥淚 don鈥檛 envision them creating from scratch one test everyone would have to take,鈥� she said.
That said, the challenges of instituting the union鈥檚 agenda are many. Neither the AFT nor the NBPTS has any direct control over licensing or certification, a state responsibility. Even the process of crafting beginning-teacher standards could pose difficulties: Many such sets of standards already exist.
Longer-term issues include whether states that adopted a universal licensing exam would agree to use the same cutoff scores. Also, teacher-educators have been hotly debating the worth of raising their entry requirements. And alternative-route programs, which provide the bulk of their training while teachers are already on the job, might balk at the union鈥檚 call for a yearlong apprenticeship.
Still, Mr. Thorpe said he feels the profession is prepared to take a serious look at the union鈥檚 ideas. 鈥淚 think we are more ready for this than ever before,鈥� he said.
