It sounds great on paper: Schools and businesses team up to offer students a chance at real-world work. Teenagers get paid while they build skills, and they earn credentials that create new opportunities for them.
But in reality, those programs require the coordination of many moving parts鈥攁nd sometimes a lot of paperwork鈥攖o succeed. Increasingly, schools and businesses are turning to a new breed of concierge service that handles all those details.
These organizations help businesses set up apprenticeships鈥攐r other forms of career-focused learning鈥攁nd define the skills students must master in order to earn specified credentials. They coordinate with community colleges to dovetail training with students鈥� work experiences. They make arrangements with local high schools so students can divide their time among college training courses, high school classes, and work.
Not all these 鈥渋ntermediary鈥� services function exactly the same way. In Massachusetts, 16 regional workforce-development boards build partnerships between schools and employers to craft curriculum and to offer internships, job-shadow days, and career exploration. In Nashville, the nonprofit PENCIL (for Public Education Needs Community Involvement and Leadership) enlists community and business partners to offer a range of services, including career-focused study in local high schools.
In South Carolina, the Apprenticeship Carolina program helps businesses reach high schools, community colleges, and the U.S. Department of Labor to offer registered apprenticeships. When the service set up shop in the state鈥檚 technical-college system 10 years ago, there were 90 registered apprenticeships in South Carolina; now, there are more than 1,000. More than 28,000 people have completed youth or adult apprenticeships in the past decade.
鈥淭hey walk us through all the steps, help us with all the red tape, to get our apprenticeships approved,鈥� said Vincent Lombardy, the training and employee-development manager at VTL Precision, an automotive-engineering company near Charleston.
鈥淲ithout them, we鈥檇 have to have someone full time on our staff who鈥檚 really schooled in how these government systems work, all the paperwork,鈥� he added.
Apprenticeship Carolina can often win federal approval for its companies鈥� apprenticeships within a week because Labor Department staffers are familiar with its track record, said Susan Pretulak, who leads Apprenticeship Carolina as the vice president of economic development for the 16-campus South Carolina Technical College system.
The South Carolina model is one that Labor Department officials 鈥渨ant to replicate around the country,鈥� Amy Firestone, a senior adviser in the department鈥檚 apprenticeship office, said last summer at Apprenticeship Carolina鈥檚 annual 鈥渟igning day,鈥� an event that celebrates new apprentices.
The role of intermediary organizations like Apprenticeship Carolina is increasingly important as businesses鈥攑articularly small and medium-sized companies鈥攕earch for workers with the skills they need, said Kermit Kaleba, the federal policy director for the National Skills Coalition, an advocacy group that focuses on career readiness.
Those companies often can鈥檛 afford to set up their own internal training programs and don鈥檛 always have strong relationships with pipelines such as colleges or high schools, he said.
鈥淭here鈥檚 a real value in having a dedicated individual or institution that鈥檚 able to serve that interface role,鈥� Kaleba said.
A Changing Focus
In trying to coordinate the pieces necessary for effective career-oriented learning, intermediary organizations reflect a major shift in the national policy conversation.
Policymakers are increasingly arguing that the country has been too focused on getting students to earn bachelor鈥檚 degrees. They point to the 30-million-plus jobs that pay well and don鈥檛 require the time and expense of four-year degrees, and they鈥檙e pressing businesses and schools to build pathways that lead to those 鈥渕iddle skill鈥� jobs.
President Donald Trump has called for a major expansion of youth and adult apprenticeships and proposed a new, streamlined approval process to make it happen.
President Barack Obama also led an apprenticeship initiative, which sent $265 million into those programs, including the first-ever federal budget allocation for apprenticeships: $90 million in fiscal 2016. Congress approved another $95 million in fiscal 2017.
Experts estimate that there are about 1 million apprenticeships in the United States today. Only about half are registered with the Labor Department. Registered programs require mastery of specified skills, confer nationally recognized credentials, and carry job-safety and minimum-pay protections. Between 2013 and 2016, the number of registered apprenticeships rose from 375,000 to 505,000, according to federal data.
Employers often place added value on job candidates who completed registered apprenticeships, since the requirements of those programs are recognized industrywide, experts say.
鈥淵ou get a journeyman credential from the Department of Labor, and that鈥檚 gold. You鈥檙e definitely going to get looked at鈥� in job interviews, said Mitchell Harp, the dean of apprenticeships at Trident Technical College, which works with Apprenticeship Carolina to coordinate training for local apprenticeships in the Charleston area.
But creating a good apprenticeship and getting it registered can be a daunting process. When VTL Precision wanted to get started in 2014, Apprenticeship Carolina dispatched one of its six regional consultants for a sit-down meeting.
The consultant helped VTL leaders understand the Department of Labor鈥檚 standards and competencies for apprentices and customize them to meet the company鈥檚 needs, Lombardy said. They worked together to create a workplace-training plan that met federal requirements and meshed well with technical courses offered at Trident Technical College, he said.
Apprenticeship Carolina also helps VTL submit the annual paperwork to receive state tax credits of $1,000 per apprentice, Lombardy said.
Many Moving Parts
Harp describes the way the K-12, college, and employer pieces come together through the technical-college system, where Apprenticeship Carolina is based.
Representing Trident Tech, Harp reaches out to local high schools to connect students to employers who offer apprenticeships. He also meets regularly with local employers to see if he can interest them in offering apprenticeships. Once they鈥檙e interested, he said, he connects them with regional Apprenticeship Carolina consultants who explain and support the process. (The support is free but businesses must pay their own apprentices.)
鈥淥ur local Apprenticeship Carolina consultant, I鈥檝e got her on speed dial,鈥� Harp said.
Apprenticeship Carolina does its own reaching out to businesses and high schools, even sending representatives into high school lunchrooms and career centers to connect with students, said Pretulak, the initiative鈥檚 leader. said.
Once an apprenticeship is up and running, Apprenticeship Carolina coordinates the collection of documents that will be submitted to the Labor Department to award apprentices their credentials.
Ty鈥機elia Young鈥檚 case shows how it works. A senior in high school, she鈥檚 in her second year of VTL Precision鈥檚 industrial-mechanics program. When she masters required competencies during her 10 to 15 hours of work each week, her VTL supervisor signs off and updates her file. When she passes required courses in pneumatics, hydraulics, and other subjects at Trident Tech, the registrar there signs off and updates Ty鈥機elia鈥檚 file. That collection ultimately goes to the Department of Labor for evaluation.
When the department awards Ty鈥機elia her credential, she will qualify for entry-level positions doing maintenance in advanced manufacturing, jobs that will likely pay $14 to $20 per hour, VTL鈥檚 Lombardy said.
Ty鈥機elia plans to enroll in a bachelor鈥檚 degree program in mechanical engineering next fall, and she鈥檚 not sure yet whether she鈥檒l work part time in her new trade while she studies. But she said that her apprenticeship has set her up with valuable assets as she leaves high school: college credits, a certificate from Trident Tech, a nationally recognized credential, and two years of paid work experience in a field related to her career goals.
Tim Hardee, the president of the South Carolina Technical College system, said that the state鈥檚 apprenticeship program also provides valuable options that don鈥檛 include bachelor鈥檚 degrees.
鈥淚t might be different than what their parents viewed as a golden ticket, that four-year degree. But there are other ways to get that golden ticket now,鈥� Hardee said. 鈥淲e see apprenticeships as a way to provide the workforce employers need in the coming years, and youth apprenticeship is a way to start that early.鈥�
