A nine-day strike in September by teachers at Roman Catholic high schools in Philadelphia has added a new chapter to nearly four decades of efforts by Catholic-school teachers to unionize.
While the Philadelphia teachers say the strike helped them earn respect locally, it also left them feeling demoralized that local Catholic officials hadn鈥檛 conceded more. Across the country, teachers in Catholic schools echo those sentiments in telling stories of trying to unionize and negotiate.
Some point to what they argue is a double standard: Church leaders have long supported workers鈥� rights to organize, they say, but often resist such movements among their own teachers.
鈥淭he church thinks you have lots of rights to organized labor unless you work for them,鈥� said Nan Sulik, a science teacher at the 1,200-student St. Hubert High School in Philadelphia.
Catholic-school teachers who have unionized to win higher salaries and better benefits are in a minority in their sector鈥攁nd actions such as strikes among Catholic educators are rare.
At least 8,000 of the nation鈥檚 150,000 lay Catholic-school teachers鈥攐r 5 percent鈥攈ave joined labor unions. Most are secondary school teachers.
Catholic educators say it鈥檚 easier for high school teachers to organize because they usually are employed directly by a local diocese and can band together throughout that area. Catholic elementary schools are usually run by individual parishes, and their teachers typically must unionize on a school-by-school basis.
By contrast, 85 percent of public school teachers are members of labor unions鈥攁nd just about every school year brings a flurry of public school teachers鈥� strikes.
Catholic-school teachers say they have limitations on negotiating power because their salaries are financed by parents鈥� tuition payments, rather than by a broader group of taxpayers. Many said in interviews that they were resigned to the fact that they would always be paid somewhat less than their counterparts in public schools.
鈥淚f you push too hard and price yourself too high, you lose students, and then you lose jobs,鈥� said Michael J. DeSantis, the president of the Cleveland High School and Academy Lay Teachers Association, a union for Catholic high school teachers employed by the Diocese of Cleveland.
Deal Questioned
But many of the more than 1,000 lay high school teachers working for the Archdiocese of Philadelphia were wondering last week if they should have pushed harder, said Frank J. Fedele, a math teacher at the 800-student Northeast Catholic High School in Philadelphia.
The teachers approved a new three-year contract Sept. 15 on a close vote, 486-434, after holding a strike that delayed the start of classes for six school days.
The teachers in Philadelphia鈥檚 Catholic schools were represented during the strike by the nation鈥檚 oldest Catholic-school teachers鈥� union, the Philadelphia-based Association of Catholic Teachers Local 1776, founded in 1966.
According to Mr. Fedele, who is the union representative at his high school, the union鈥檚 most important gain was to persuade the archdiocese to drop a proposed co-payment for hospitalization in the teachers鈥� medical plan. He characterized the salary increase in the new contract as 鈥渋nsignificant鈥� and not worth a strike. The teachers won a cumulative raise of 9 percent over three years. Their average salary is now $38,000.
Some other archdiocesan teachers also sounded bitter last week.
鈥淲e have a diocese that seems to have money for all kinds of things, but not for their teachers,鈥� said Mary C. Edwards, who is in her 27th year of teaching religion at Philadelphia鈥檚 Archbishop Ryan High School.
鈥淭he church will often talk about sacrifices with the Catholic teachers,鈥� she said. 鈥淯nfortunately, we don鈥檛 see the same sacrifices of people who are in positions of authority.鈥�
Officials of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia were unavailable for comment last week.
Church鈥檚 Role
According to the Washington- based National Catholic Educational Association, efforts by Catholic-school teachers to organize at least at the secondary school level have remained flat for more than a decade.
From 1985 to 1999, the percentage of the nation鈥檚 1,200 Catholic high schools that collectively negotiated teachers鈥� contracts stayed around 22 percent.
Rita C. Schwartz, the president of the National Association of Catholic School Teachers, based in Philadelphia, said that Catholic bishops, pastors, and administrators often try to discourage teachers from unionizing.
鈥淲hen schools or dioceses hear the teachers are interested in unionizing, they give them a big raise in pay to thwart the union,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hey鈥檒l give you money before they cede any of their power and control.鈥�
Most of the nation鈥檚 Catholic-school teachers鈥� unions, including Philadelphia鈥檚 Local 1776, are affiliated with the NACST. Its 26 affiliates include unions in Cleveland and Portland, Ore.
A refrain among Catholic- school unionists is that church leaders don鈥檛 practice what they preach concerning the rights of workers.
鈥淭he history has been that teachers who organize get fired,鈥� said Michael A. Milz, the president of the Scranton Diocese Association of Catholic Teachers. 鈥淚t鈥檚 institutionalized hypocrisy.鈥�
Sister Glenn Anne McPhee, the secretary for education of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, based in Washington, said she couldn鈥檛 address such criticism on a national level. 鈥淭he conference does not speak for the dioceses of the United States. The dioceses are autonomous,鈥� she said.
Ms. Schwartz said that federal law discourages Catholic-school teachers from organizing. She cited a 1979 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that said those teachers are excluded from protection under the federal National Labor Relations Act, enacted in 1935. In other words, she said, they can be fired for trying to form a union.
Once organized, though, Catholic teachers鈥� unions claim they鈥檝e accomplished a lot.
Ms. Edwards, the religion teacher in Philadelphia, said she 鈥渨ouldn鈥檛 work for the church without a union.鈥�
鈥淵ou wouldn鈥檛 have due process,鈥� she said. 鈥淵ou wouldn鈥檛 have job security. You wouldn鈥檛 have the wages and benefits we have.鈥�
