More than a decade after Hurricane Katrina tore through the Gulf Coast, and the state of Louisiana took control of most of New Orleans鈥� public K-12 system, the city鈥檚 schools will return to local oversight in the next two years.
Lawmakers approved legislation to relinquish authority over most of the city鈥檚 schools from the state, which has been supervising them since 2005. Gov. John Bel Edwards, a Democrat, signed the measure Thursday afternoon.
However, the reunified system of schools that the locally elected Orleans Parish school board will preside over is radically different from the one it ran pre-Katrina鈥攐r any other district in the country. Nearly every school in the city now is a charter.
While proponents of returning the charters to the oversight of the city鈥檚 elected school board say it鈥檚 an important milestone in the revival of public education in New Orleans鈥攁nd strengthens the argument that New Orleans could be a model for other cities鈥攃ritics contend that the newly reconstituted system hardly qualifies as locally controlled.
And concerns remain that the Orleans Parish school board may not be ready to assume this new role, though the superintendent insists the district will be.
鈥淭he list goes on and on, how this school system has prepped itself for this moment,鈥� said Henderson Lewis Jr., the Orleans Parish schools chief, who has been on the job just over a year. 鈥淚 believe we will be able to make this merger happen by 2018.鈥�
A Difficult History
In the wake of the hurricane and massive levee failures in August 2005, lawmakers swept most of New Orleans鈥� schools into the state-run Recovery School District, which manages school turnaround efforts across Louisiana. Many of the schools had been struggling with very low student performance for years, while the local board had lost public confidence amid a string of corruption scandals. Over the course of the next several years, the Recovery School District either closed schools or turned their operations over to charter groups.
Today, between Orleans Parish and the RSD, more than 90 percent of New Orleans鈥� public school students attend a charter. The RSD has oversight of 52 charter schools, while the Orleans Parish board directly manages six regular schools and oversees 18 charters.
Under the new law, the Recovery School District鈥檚 New Orleans-based charters will be transferred to the oversight of the local board by July 1, 2018.
The RSD will continue to provide oversight to other charter schools in the state.
If the switchover hits any snags, the deadline can be extended to 2019, but no later. All the schools will remain charters run directly by their own individual boards.
鈥淭he bill thoroughly preserves charter school autonomy,鈥� said Patrick Dobard, the superintendent of the Recovery School District. 鈥淚nstruction, curriculum, school calendars, the hiring, firing, and performance evaluations of employees鈥� the board is prohibited from limiting [schools鈥橾 autonomy in those critical areas.鈥�
Authority Over Renewals
Under the measure, the Orleans Parish board will take over operations of the citywide school enrollment system and the centralized expulsion process, which are currently managed by the Recovery School District.
But most significantly, the Orleans Parish superintendent and board will have authority to decide whether charter contracts are renewed and if schools must be shut down. Having those decisions debated and made locally was a crucial missing component of including the community, supporters say.
鈥淐urrently, with most of the schools being overseen by the [RSD], it鈥檚 highly difficult for our parents to attend a board meeting鈥攎ost of the families are low income, and traveling to Baton Rouge is not feasible for most parents,鈥� said Ben Kleban, the founder of New Orleans College Prep, a small, local network of schools overseen by the RSD.
鈥淭o be present, to interact and give public testimony is really the true nature of local school systems in this country and is the way it should be.鈥�
Local oversight is important for reasons that extend well beyond New Orleans, Kleban said.
鈥淚t can鈥檛 be a model for local education without local control and local representation,鈥� he said.
However, with a significant amount of authority over day-to-day operations remaining with the individual boards that oversee charter schools鈥攚hich are appointed鈥攕ome New Orleans residents bristle at labeling the new setup as one that鈥檚 locally controlled.
鈥淚 call it the fake-return-of-schools bill,鈥� said Karran Harper Royal, a local education advocate and a staunch critic of charter schools in the city. 鈥淚t cements these schools, the governance of charters, in our district into perpetuity.鈥�
Among New Orleans residents, feelings are mixed about whether now鈥攐r anytime鈥攊s good for returning the schools to the Orleans Parish board, according to a recent poll by Tulane University. It found that 38 percent of registered voters supported shifting oversight of the schools to the local board by 2018, while 13 percent indicated the switch should happen even later. Thirty-two percent said they preferred the status quo.
White residents were more likely to indicate they wanted to keep the current system. Forty percent of white respondents said they preferred the status quo compared to 32 percent of black respondents.
Hurdles Ahead?
But initiating the transfer is likely only one in a series of hurdles to come. Not only will the district more than double in size, the charters it will absorb are generally lower performing and have more poor students and students with special needs than the charter schools it currently oversees.
Raising the specter of past corruption scandals, a board member was sentenced in September to one year in prison for accepting a bribe in awarding a contract to a janitorial company.
And all seven of the school board members are up for re-election this November.
That has people like Robin Lake, the director of the Center on Reinventing Public Education at the University of Washington, worried.
鈥淲orst-case scenario, there鈥檚 a hostile board making life difficult for the district and the charters, and at the end of two years, the district just isn鈥檛 in the position to take back the schools, but there鈥檚 no contingency for that possibility,鈥� said Lake. 鈥淭he schools go back no matter what, dysfunction or function.鈥�
The transition will be closely tracked by charter advocates across the country.
Although New Orleans鈥� nearly all-charter model has produced significant gains in academic performance, according to research from the Education Research Alliance at Tulane University, many have questioned whether the city is more of an outlier than a blueprint for others to follow.
But if a locally elected board can successfully curate and supervise a suite of charter schools, that perception could change.
鈥淚t is significant in the sense that if the system can go back under an elected school board and still prosper and still continue to improve, it will be irrefutable evidence that locally elected boards can oversee a system like this,鈥� said Lake. 鈥淭he stakes are high. And of course this is highly political鈥攚hatever happens, both sides will stick to their stories.鈥�
