When the country鈥檚 chief state school officers met here last month to discuss education policy, they talked a lot about national academic standards.
鈥淚 submit to you that in a system of education that serves such a highly diverse and transitory culture, . . . shared standards aren鈥檛 simply an option, but a mandatory conversation,鈥� the Council of Chief State School Officers鈥� executive director, Gene Wilhoit, said in a speech at the conference鈥檚 opening session. He took over the helm at the CCSSO Nov. 1.
Mr. Wilhoit鈥檚 appeal followed similar comments made this year by Michael Casserly, the executive director of the Council of the Great City Schools, researchers at the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, and others. Such discussion, which comes as policymakers and educators compare education systems across the states and the world and prepare for the renewal of the federal No Child Left Behind Act next year, appears to be rekindling a push for national standards.
鈥淒oes anyone in this room honestly believe that this issue is not coming to a head, and if we ignore it, it will go away?鈥� Mr. Wilhoit, a former state schools chief in Arkansas and Kentucky, asked the 28 state chiefs and roughly 130 other state officials, educators, and others in the crowd.
鈥淚 think we鈥檙e all very open to the discussion,鈥� Elizabeth Burmaster, Wisconsin鈥檚 superintendent of public instruction and the CCSSO鈥檚 president, said in an interview last week.
The last concerted drive to set national standards for what students should know and be able to do in major subjects occurred in the early 1990鈥檚, when the first Bush administration provided grants to develop voluntary national standards and tests. That effort ran into controversy over subject matter, the role of the federal government in setting curricula, and whether the standards should define the programs, staffing, and resources to support student achievement.
Some education experts are deeply skeptical that the issue of national standards has gained much traction since the last time it was discussed.
Andrew J. Rotherham, a co-director of Education Sector, a Washington-based think tank, told the chiefs at a panel discussion here that the national-standards discussion is no more than a 鈥渢hink-tank hothouse,鈥� and that the coalition supporting the idea, at least in Washington, is actually losing steam.
Plus, he said, 鈥淸the states] don鈥檛 enforce their own [standards], why would they enforce ours?鈥�
鈥楶owerful Voice鈥�
That the state chiefs are willing to talk about the issue at all is a welcome surprise, meanwhile, to some advocates of national standards.
鈥淭hey could make a tremendous contribution to the discussion,鈥� Cynthia G. Brown, the director of education policy at the Center for American Progress, a Washington-based research and advocacy group, and the former director of the CCSSO鈥檚 Resource Center on Educational Equity, said about the chiefs. 鈥淚f they were to support the notion of national standards, they would be a powerful voice.鈥�
Where that discussion will go, however, remains unclear.
鈥淥ne option is that we鈥檒l have this conversation and [decide that national standards aren鈥檛] the best way to go,鈥� Mr. Wilhoit said during an interview in Little Rock.
During a breakout session at the Nov. 17-19 conference, opinions on the issue were about as varied as the states represented.
Some chiefs proposed aligning standards with the skills sought by the business community. Some proposed developing a national pre-K-16 or pre-K-20 agenda. Some suggested focusing on national standards for student outcomes and leaving states and districts the freedom to decide how to attain them.
Most acknowledged, though, that national standards would have to be part of a broader policy plan that would include assessment and accountability, data systems, and teacher education, among other measures.
鈥淭he reason we鈥檙e birthing these creative ideas鈥攁nd people may have different reasons鈥攊s a convergence of opinion in this country that [the current system] isn鈥檛 OK,鈥� Ms. Burmaster said. She would like to see a 鈥渘ational agenda for children,鈥� which would include health and dental care, nutrition, and early-childhood education, on the same scale as President Lyndon B. Johnson鈥檚 War on Poverty.
But some chiefs were reluctant to jump on the standards bandwagon.
鈥淚f [the chiefs] think that national standards will get rid of rules and regulations, they鈥檙e wrong,鈥� Minnesota Commissioner of Education Alice Seagren said in an interview last week. 鈥淭he rules and regulations will come with them.鈥�
And, she said, 鈥渨e鈥檙e not excited about walking away from all the work we鈥檝e done [to raise standards in Minnesota]鈥� in order to comply with a possible national plan.
Mandatory vs. Voluntary
Despite their differences, the chiefs agreed on a few points.
鈥淚 think everyone agreed that they didn鈥檛 want a situation where the U.S. Congress has to vote on standards,鈥� Michael J. Petrilli, the vice president for national programs and policy at the Washington-based Fordham Foundation and a former official in the U.S. Department of Education during the current Bush administration, said to a group of state chiefs at the breakout session in Little Rock.
And no one wanted to be forced into compliance, either.
The standards would have to be voluntary initially, according to Ms. Brown of the Center for American Progress, for them to be politically practical.
鈥淥nce you get a significant number of states buying into it, the others will fall in line,鈥� she said.
