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Six states have elections for schools chiefs on the November ballot, and voters鈥� decisions in at least a couple of those states could significantly alter education policy over the next four years.

At the top of the list may be the race for state superintendent in South Carolina. That appears to be turning more into a decision over vouchers than a vote on the candidates鈥� qualifications or their overall education agendas.

Republican Karen Floyd, a businesswoman, and Jim Rex, the Democratic candidate and a retired college president, are vying to replace Democrat Inez M. Tennenbaum, who decided not to run again after losing a bid for the U.S. Senate in 2004.

Ms. Floyd has been able to raise more money for her campaign, in part, observers say, because of contributions from out-of-state voucher supporters, who would like to see Republican Gov. Mark Sanford鈥檚 鈥淧ut Parents in Charge鈥� plan for private school tuition tax credits become a reality.

In Ms. Floyd鈥檚 campaign materials, she writes: 鈥淔or South Carolina鈥檚 next generation of children to be successful, we cannot afford to insist that all children receive their education from a school to which they are arbitrarily assigned. While it may shake the walls of the education establishment, we must open the doors to parental choice.鈥�

Pushing Teacher Turnout

Mr. Rex, a former high school English teacher, proposes to fight what he describes as 鈥渢his serpent called vouchers鈥� by offering schools more flexibility, adjusting the state鈥檚 school accountability system, and attracting more professionals into teaching.

鈥淭here are so many issues out there that aren鈥檛 being talked about because of this voucher issue,鈥� said Rick Ott, a senior executive in a school construction company and the co-chairman of an organization called Choose Children First.

The group is supporting Mr. Rex, and is also running a voter-registration campaign that will reward schools that sign up the most new voters. Mr. Ott said he is especially concerned about improving voter turnout among teachers.

Idaho is the other state where two newcomers are in a hotly contested race for state superintendent. Marilyn Howard, a two-term Democrat, announced last year that she would not seek the office for a third time.

Tom Luna, a former local school board member in Nampa, and the president of a company that makes weight scales, is the Republican candidate. He has held leadership positions on statewide education commissions, and served as an adviser on rural education issues to former U.S. Secretary of Education Rod Paige.

Mr. Luna has promised that rural education will be a top priority for him if he is elected state chief. Last month, he laid out his plans for a rural initiative that would include attracting and retaining highly qualified teachers, closing the 鈥渢echnology gap鈥� between urban and rural schools, and providing more Advanced Placement and other college-preparatory opportunities for students in remote communities.

The state鈥檚 teachers鈥� association is supporting the Democratic candidate, Jana Jones, a deputy superintendent in the state education department and a longtime educator. As a former teacher in early-childhood education, Ms. Jones has promised to focus on improving coordination between child-care and preschool programs, and says she would also work to make sure students acquire higher-level math and reading skills.

鈥淪he clearly understands the needs of public schools, and what it鈥檚 like to work with kids,鈥� said Sherri Wood, the president of the Idaho Education Association, an affiliate of the National Education Association. 鈥淲e just want someone who will be a strong advocate for our public schools.鈥�

Incumbents Given the Edge

Incumbent chiefs in four states are defending their seats, and appear to have the edge against their opponents. All four are expected to win, said Charles Merritt, the vice president of external relations for the Denver-based Education Commission of the States.

In Georgia, Republican Kathy B. Cox is being challenged by Denise L. Majette, a Democrat who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for two years before losing a bid for a U.S. Senate seat in 2004.

Ms. Majette, a lawyer, former judge, and a public school parent, said she wants to improve the state鈥檚 education record. But she was unable to pick up an endorsement from the Georgia Association of Educators, the National Education Association affiliate, which usually supports Democrats.

Ms. Cox helped restore relations between the state education department and local districts after she succeeded fellow Republican Linda C. Schrenko, who is now serving time in federal prison for fraud and money laundering.

Ms. Cox has also overseen the implementation of a new statewide curriculum, which was recently ranked among the best in the nation by the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation.

Moving west, Arizona Superintendent Tom Horne, a Republican, appears 鈥渧ery safe,鈥� Mr. Merritt said. And in Wyoming, he said, voter turnout among Democrats is expected to be low because incumbent Gov. Dave Freudenthal, a Democrat, has a huge lead in the polls. If that expectation proves true, it will hurt Democrat Michelle L. Hoffman, who is challenging incumbent Jim McBride, a Republican.

Finally, in Oklahoma, Republican Bill Crozier favors the teaching of 鈥渋ntelligent design鈥濃�攖he belief that certain aspects of human development show signs of having been designed by an unnamed creator鈥攊n science classes, and he supports increasing teacher salaries. He is challenging four-term incumbent Democrat Sandy Garrett. This is Mr. Crozier鈥檚 fourth attempt to win public office.

Two incumbents鈥擟alifornia鈥檚 Jack O鈥機onnell and Oregon鈥檚 Susan Castillo鈥攚ere re-elected to their seats in their state鈥檚 primaries.

Despite the positive predictions for incumbents, a good number of chief state school officer positions are likely to be affected by the November elections, Mr. Merritt said, because of governors鈥� races in 10 states where the schools chief is appointed by the state鈥檚 chief executive.

In fact, he said, the top education spot in states has changed over the years from an elected job to one that typically is an appointed job. Currently, only 14 states have elected superintendents, and there are efforts in some of those to change it to an appointed position.

State Board Races

Some appointed superintendents will also be closely monitoring this fall鈥檚 state board of education races.

State boards appoint state superintendents in nine of the 11 states with board elections this year. The state education chiefs in the other two, Texas and New Mexico, are selected by the governor.

In Colorado, the outcome of the Nov. 7 elections will determine the political tilt of the board, and consequently affect its relationship with Commissioner of Education William J. Moloney. Two incumbents鈥� seats, one Republican and one Democrat, are contested in the general election.

State Boards on the Ballot

*Click image to see the full chart.

Note: Some state board of education seats are uncontested.

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Mr. Moloney, who has been unpopular with some of the board鈥檚 Democrats since he was hired in 1997, has also faced criticism from local superintendents recently. A coalition of 178 district leaders presented a 鈥渨hite paper鈥� outlining their grievances against him and the education department to the state board in May. (鈥淐olorado Schools Chief, Local Superintendents Spar Over Role of State,鈥� Oct. 4, 2006.)

Democrats on the board have been especially vocal about wanting Mr. Moloney鈥檚 removal, while Republicans have pledged their support. The board has been evenly split between the parties, but that split will end when the number of members is reduced from eight to seven in January.

Kansas schools chief Bob Corkins could also face the loss of board support after next month鈥檚 elections. Mr. Corkins was hired last year after a 6-4 board vote in his favor by the conservative majority. The results of the party primaries ensure that either moderate Republicans or Democrats will hold at least six of the 10 seats.

The other states with board elections are Alabama, Hawaii, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, and Utah.