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Principals say inspiring faculty members and students is their most important job, but teachers believe their school leaders spend more time on test scores, an annual survey released last week concludes.

Still, the respondents, including parents, did share the belief that the principal鈥檚 most important job is to motivate teachers and students to achieve.

from the .

鈥淭he Metropolitan Life Survey of the American Teacher 2003: An Examination of School Leadership鈥� polled 800 principals and 1,017 teachers serving K-12 schools; 1,107 parents of public school students; and 2,901 public school students in 3rd through 12th grade. Harris Interactive, a Rochester, N.Y.- based market-research firm, conducted the survey of adults for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., of New York City, in August and September of 2003. Students were polled in May, June, and September.

The poll is a combination of nationally representative telephone interviews and online surveys, which are not all nationally representative. The results are subject to sampling variation, which is affected by the number of respondents and the percentages expressed in the results.

The survey, which is part of a series of polls that have studied the opinions of educators, parents, and students since 1984, showed that principals paint a more favorable picture of their leadership abilities and their schools鈥� climates than do instructors, pupils, and parents.

Seventy-five percent of principals said that motivating faculty and students to achieve was their chief priority; smaller majorities of teachers, 55 percent, and parents, 60 percent, agreed. Meanwhile, 61 percent of teachers and 45 percent of parents felt that test scores were principals鈥� top priority. Respondents were asked to select up to three aspects of their schools that they thought were most important to the principal.

Asked to determine what percentage of time their principals spend on various aspects of their jobs, teachers believe that principals spend 37 percent of their time on 鈥渞eporting and compliance鈥� and 24 percent of their time on guiding and motivating the faculty. Principals, however, said they spent 35 percent of their time on guiding and motivating teachers and 24 percent of their time on reporting and compliance.

鈥淢etLife鈥檚 survey is a reality check to principals that their best efforts to motivate teachers and students and listen to all school staff, students, and parents are falling short,鈥� Reg Weaver, the president of the 2.7 million-member National Education Association, said in a statement.

Transformation of Jobs

Some observers believe the schism in perceptions isn鈥檛 surprising, especially since leadership has only recently come to the forefront of school improvement discussions.

Vincent L. Ferrandino, the executive director of the Alexandria, Va.-based National Association of Elementary School Principals, said principals must re-evaluate how they communicate the goals they accomplish with parents and teachers. The association received a $150,000 grant from the MetLife Foundation this year to develop community-outreach models for schools.

With the federal No Child Left Behind Act heaping more demands on principals, it鈥檚 not unreasonable for school leaders to focus on students鈥� test scores鈥攖he measures on which their careers can 鈥渞ise and fall,鈥� said Gerald N. Tirozzi, the executive director of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, based in Reston, Va.

鈥淧rincipals are the endangered species of the No Child Left Behind Act,鈥� he said.

Michael D. Usdan, a senior fellow with the Washington-based Institute for Educational Leadership, said principals are trying to come to grips with the transformation of their jobs from managers to instructional leaders.

Because there is a growing sense that the principal鈥檚 job is 鈥渋mpossible,鈥� Mr. Usdan said, schools could follow the example set by several urban districts that have created two positions to handle management and instructional responsibilities. Schools also could redefine the principal鈥檚 position to rely on teachers to fill the instructional gap, he said.

George C. Albano, the principal of Lincoln Elementary School in Mount Vernon, N.Y., has empowered teachers to assume greater responsibilities so that he can focus more on the classroom. 鈥淚 can be confident, if I鈥檓 not in the building, the school can run like it would if I were here,鈥� he said.