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For now, it appears that both the New Orleans district, the state鈥檚 largest, and the nearby St. Bernard public schools could be largely out of commission for the whole school year, state Superintendent Cecil J. Picard said last week. With officials estimating that more than 230,000 public and private school students from Louisiana had been displaced by the storm. Mr. Picard said it was unclear how many would ultimately return to their original communities and schools.

Louisiana was struggling last week to pick up the educational pieces after its pounding by Hurricane Katrina. Major efforts were under way statewide to place evacuated students in schools, while battered, flood-damaged districts began to assess their situation and plan for repairs and rebuilding.

鈥淚 hope that they will all come home,鈥� Mr. Picard said. 鈥淭he reality is that they all won鈥檛.鈥�

In the meantime, Louisianans were straining to cope with the disaster. In a sign of the difficult times, the school board for the Jefferson Parish district, just outside New Orleans, met here last week at the state education agency鈥檚 offices in downtown Baton Rouge. The district鈥檚 own headquarters had its roof ripped off by the hurricane.

By most accounts, schools and communities statewide have welcomed their fellow Louisianans, and even a few arrivals from storm-lashed Mississippi, with open arms. Beyond the numerous shelters, many families鈥� homes, including those of educators, have been opened up to the displaced, since the hurricane struck the state鈥檚 southeast coast in late August.

Some 30 miles north of Baton Rouge, Principal Dorothy R. Temple saw her elementary school grow by 80 students, to more than 670 in less than a week.

鈥淥ur attendance clerk is totally exhausted,鈥� she said after helping students onto buses home on Sept. 6 at Bains Elementary School in the West Feliciana Parish school system. 鈥淭he challenge is going to be 鈥� getting to know these students and their families, and what their needs are.鈥�

West Feliciana Superintendent Lloyd Lindsey said his largely rural school system started the school year with about 2,400 students, but as of Sept. 7 had added 300 more. The 鈥渙verwhelming majority鈥� were evacuees who came up here to live with friends or relatives, or whose families have just bought houses here in the hurricane鈥檚 aftermath, he said.

鈥淲e thought it was real important to get back a sense of normalcy,鈥� Mr. Lindsey said. 鈥淲hen they come out, we get them uniforms, we get the supplies, they go to class.鈥�

鈥業鈥檓 Going Back鈥�

The 46,000-student East Baton Rouge district, the state鈥檚 third largest, reopened its schools Sept. 6, though newcomers escaping the wreckage from Hurricane Katrina were not expected to begin attending classes there until this week at the earliest.

In the meantime, district officials were busy registering students, with some 3,200 signed up as of Sept. 7, said district spokeswoman Taifa St. Julien. As part of that effort, district personnel visited area shelters where families are temporarily housed. Families were also registering their children at any of the district鈥檚 public schools.

鈥淭he next step will be to choose which schools these children will be attending,鈥� said Carolyn R. Coleman, the East Baton Rouge district鈥檚 homeless-student liaison. 鈥淎long with that, we must provide supplies, everything from shoes, underwear, the whole nine yards. And uniforms.鈥�

Ms. St. Julien said the district may well resort to using more portable classrooms to deal with the influx of students, as well as reclaiming a middle school that had been slated for closure because of dwindling enrollment.

Many educators from New Orleans and nearby areas also are seeking jobs in the East Baton Rouge system, either temporarily or possibly for good. (鈥淓ducators Wonder If They鈥檒l Go Back to New Orleans,鈥� this issue.)

At Baton Rouge鈥檚 St. John Baptist Church, which is sheltering nearly 150 evacuees from New Orleans, Kawenee Hartford was registering her three children, ages 9, 15, and 17.

鈥淚 lost everything,鈥� she said. Her home in the downtown area of New Orleans was still under water, as far as she knew, as a result of the levee breaks that inundated the city after Katrina came through.

As for her plans, Ms. Hartford said: 鈥淩ight now? Stay here, get a job, put my boys in school, find a place to live, and once they rebuild New Orleans, I鈥檓 going back.鈥�

New Orleans鈥� Needs

One of Louisiana鈥檚 most daunting tasks will be rebuilding New Orleans, the state鈥檚 largest city, and its school system, which was already considered in crisis from problems including financial instability, political infighting, and allegations of corruption. (鈥淒istrict Faces Unprecedented Recovery Task,鈥� Sept. 7, 2005.)

Eight public schools in flood-ravaged New Orleans were unscathed, and those might be able to reopen as early as January, Mr. Picard said. Those schools could accommodate 13,600 students by operating on double shifts, he estimated.

But an initial investigation found that 80 of the city鈥檚 126 public schools would likely need to be entirely replaced, the state schools chief said. That means most of the city鈥檚 schools are unlikely to reopen in the 2005-06 school year.

鈥淢any of our schools will need to be renovated; some will need to be rebuilt,鈥� said Sajan George, the interim chief operating officer for the New Orleans school system and a managing director at Alvarez & Marsal. The New York City-based crisis-management firm won a contract last spring to run the district鈥檚 operations and finances, and it has a team in Baton Rouge working on the situation.

Mr. George said his office was gradually making contact with key administrators, and had already reached most of the school board members.

But besides one trip, with a military escort, to retrieve records from the district鈥檚 headquarters in New Orleans, his office has not yet been able to return and survey the situation in detail. (鈥淥fficials Scramble to Salvage Storm-Damaged School Data,鈥� this issue.)

鈥淭hey鈥檙e still doing search and rescue,鈥� he said Sept. 8. 鈥淚t鈥檚 still not safe.鈥�

In the longer term, Mr. George suggested, the hurricane鈥檚 devastation could create a new opportunity. 鈥淚f there鈥檚 a silver lining in this dark, dark cloud,鈥� he said, 鈥渨e actually have a chance to build from scratch a world-class school system.鈥�

Surveying the Toll

Like most New Orleans schools, the St. Bernard Parish school system is also unlikely to be open this academic year. All 15 of the 8,800-student district鈥檚 buildings have been flooded and, as of late last week, engineers had been unsuccessful in pumping water out of the community east of New Orleans.

But in the 52,000-student Jefferson Parish district, next to the city, officials are hoping for a speedier recovery.

At last week鈥檚 board meeting here in Baton Rouge, board members emphasized their desire to get schools open as soon as possible, and certainly before Jan. 19, the date that some officials had initially suggested.

鈥淲e鈥檝e got to get this going immediately,鈥� said board member Etta Licciardi. 鈥淲e鈥檙e lucky because we have schools in just about every area that have survived unscathed.鈥�

Ultimately, the Jefferson Parish board agreed to set a target date of Oct. 3 for opening the system. But only about half the district鈥檚 84 schools are expected to be ready for students by then.

The earlier target for opening was no doubt welcome news to Lloyd and Sondra Auzout, both educators from the Jefferson Parish system.

鈥淲e鈥檙e trying to find out our status with our jobs right now,鈥� Mr. Auzout, who teaches physical education, said in an interview just before the board meeting began.

Mr. Auzout said he didn鈥檛 fully know what shape his home was in, but based on news reports, he believes it most likely was flooded. His biggest worry, though, was his family, although his wife and daughter were safe.

鈥淭he main thing is, I don鈥檛 know where a lot of my relatives are,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 the only thing that鈥檚 really bothering us right now.鈥�

While the New Orleans area struggles to recover, state Superintendent Picard said that building schools for the 21st century would be a key to the region鈥檚 economic recovery.

鈥淚鈥檒l do everything in my power to rebuild Louisiana through education,鈥� he said.