The Leander school district, near Austin, Texas, was set to start the school year with full-time remote learning on Aug. 13, but ended up after a web content filtering tool malfunctioned, potentially preventing some high school students from connecting to the internet on their school-provided devices.
A couple hours鈥� drive away, the San Antonio district had distributed 30,000 Chromebooks to K-3 students in early April. But the district eventually determined that tablets work better for younger students, so it ordered a bundle using state funds and is now in the process of swapping them out, leaving the Chromebooks as surplus.
Indianapolis public schools sent surveys to parents between April and July, gauging whether or not they had broadband service at home. But it later became clear that some parents who answered 鈥測es鈥� didn鈥檛 have a connection at home that was strong enough to support two or three children at once, especially if parents were also working remotely.
And on Monday, the first day of school for students in Atlanta, Clark County, Nev., and across Arkansas, worldwide.
These situations highlight the complex and oftentimes unpredictable technological challenges schools are facing as many start the new academic year with buildings once again closed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Twenty-one of the 25 largest school districts in the country have chosen remote learning only as their back-to-school instructional model, affecting over 4.5 million students, according to 澳门跑狗论坛鈥檚 reopenings tracker.
Many districts have gotten better at some of the remote learning basics, such as ensuring every student has a digital device and an internet connection at home.
Others continue to struggle to achieve the basics as gaps in access to virtual education threaten to widen existing disparities in education that leave .
California students, particularly those in districts that serve areas with a high percentage of low-income families, need a million more devices, state officials this month. The state鈥檚 Lynwood district, with more than 14,000 students and a 94 percent Latino and 5 percent Black student population, couldn鈥檛 find Wi-Fi hotspots for sale, so it partnered with the city to temporarily provide internet access at a few city-owned locations.
鈥淭he school house and the school bus are now a computer and Wi-Fi,鈥� said Cara McClellan, assistant counsel for the NAACP鈥檚 Legal Defense and Educational Fund, which has recently taken up nationwide efforts to advocate for expanding at-home internet access.
鈥淚n some districts, we鈥檙e talking about a third of Black students who are not able to access their education,鈥� McClellan said. 鈥淭his is clearly in line with our school desegregation work.鈥�
But even in districts where every student is connected, big challenges remain. Making sure that teachers know how to construct meaningful virtual instruction for students, and that parents and students know how to access and engage with it, is a formidable task, especially with a relatively short time to prepare.
鈥淗aving 20,000 laptops for 20,000 kids is not the be-all end-all by any stretch of the imagination,鈥� said Leslie Wilson, founder and former CEO of the One-to-One Institute, a nonprofit organization that for two decades has been helping districts engage students with technology tools. 鈥淚t could be disastrous in a lot of ways if you don鈥檛 have the infrastructure to support it, and if you have some kids who have internet at home and some who don鈥檛.鈥�
Ken Thompson, the chief IT officer for the San Antonio district, has spent recent weekends coaching parents on using the digital devices that have recently been provided to students. He鈥檚 been working with the district鈥檚 chief academic officer to trim the number of passwords to enter and buttons to click. He鈥檚 even taken to troubleshooting families鈥� connectivity issues from his car, pulled over on the side of the road.
鈥淓verything is riding on IT right now,鈥� Thompson said.
Rapid Surge in Demand for Laptops
Schools were caught off guard this spring when the COVID-19 outbreak forced buildings in all 50 states to close. While some had already outfitted every student with a take-home digital device, others were only inching toward that goal when the urgency suddenly spiked.
The rapid surge in demand for laptops and tablets led to a delay in shipments for device orders. More than 8.4 million devices were shipped to districts between April and June, 54 percent more than during the same quarter last year, said Lauren Guenveur, a senior research analyst who specializes in devices at technology market tracker IDC.
Still, even as the supply chain has fully recovered from the strain it experienced in March, Guenveur said, getting devices to all the districts asking for them won鈥檛 be easy.
鈥淲ill that need be fulfilled by the end of the year in 2020? Probably not,鈥� she said. 鈥淭he good news is from all the evidence we saw, the orders will be fulfilled. It鈥檚 just the unprecedented demand that is really throwing everyone for a loop.鈥�
That demand is particularly strong heading into the new school year because many districts that had expected to reopen school buildings at least part-time are keeping them closed for now. The threat of the virus has persisted nationwide and even increased in some states since the spring, and many schools haven鈥檛 found the time or funding to safely reopen buildings while adhering to public health recommendations and accommodating concerned families and staff.
The biggest difficulty for some districts is grappling with the uncertainty of what鈥檚 ahead, and planning simultaneously for a variety of scenarios.
Administrators at the Indianapolis district did 鈥渢he hardest planning first,鈥� focusing early in the summer on contingencies for a hybrid model in which some students learn in the building and others stay home, said Ashley Cowger, the district鈥檚 executive director of professional learning and the director of its e-learning efforts this year.
When the school board decided on July 30 to keep all students at home through at least Oct. 2, administrators were able to tweak the hybrid plan. 鈥淲e鈥檙e not executing that right now, but it鈥檚 in our back pocket,鈥� she said.
Device deliveries arrived in June and July, and the district spent the last two weeks offering the devices for pickup at school buildings. Twelve weeks of optional professional development for teachers this summer focused on 鈥渨hat blended learning is, what the quality practices are, how to do things like assess students when you鈥檙e in a remote environment,鈥� Cowger said.
In the last two weeks, the district had to order more 鈥淢i-Fi鈥� cards鈥攚ireless routers that act as mobile hotspots for Internet connections鈥攖o help ensure that families with weak internet connections are able to log on. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a little bit of a moving target, but we鈥檝e committed to responding to the needs of our families,鈥� Cowger said. 鈥淚f that means we need to purchase 250 to 500 more Mi-Fi cards, that鈥檚 what we鈥檙e doing.鈥�
Glitches may be unavoidable, though. Some students鈥� home internet service providers had installed a security feature that prevented them from logging into class. 鈥淭hat created a little disruption to afternoon attendance鈥� on the first day, Cowger said, but the problem has since been resolved.
Schools that haven鈥檛 reopened yet should likely build in time for glitches and malfunctions to eat up the first day or two of remote instruction.
Some students in the Lincoln Public Schools in Nebraska because of a back-end glitch with the videoconference platform鈥檚 connection to a districtwide grading portal. Less than half of high school students in North Carolina鈥檚 Richmond County district were on the first day of school and some of them were still in line to receive Wi-Fi hotspots that hadn鈥檛 yet arrived. Login issues at several North Carolina schools were , but officials there weren鈥檛 immediately sure what caused the problems.
The Eastmont district in Washington state was pondering a three-day delay to the start of the school year after a computer system upgrade that had begun in January was posing roadblocks to accessing teacher rosters and schedules, and preventing teachers from engaging with training for virtual instruction. On Friday, Garn Christensen, the district鈥檚 superintendent, announced the school year would proceed on schedule.
鈥淚 anticipate a few bumps in the first week or two of school,鈥� he . 鈥淭his is because some of the upgrades we initiated early summer to improve our ability to communicate and deliver technology in preparation for a possible remote start have not gone as smoothly as hoped and parts and equipment have been delayed.鈥�
Districts Turn to Short-Term Solutions
Schools nationwide are facing a financial crisis as state and local budgets dwindle during the ongoing economic downturn. Congress has to pass a new relief bill that would include billions of dollars for school districts. More than three-quarters of D.C. insiders said they believe federal relief won鈥檛 be passed until the end of September.
Some of those funds would go towards more permanent solutions to address the reality that 15 million students and as many as 400,000 U.S. teachers . Without broader relief, districts have turned to a variety of short-term solutions: ordering hotspot devices students can use in their homes; partnering with local businesses to offer internet access; and negotiating temporarily reduced rates with internet service providers in the area.
The rural Mountain Empire district in California serves 3,900 students, including residents of three Native American tribal reservations. Seventy percent of the district鈥檚 students qualify for free and reduced lunch, and 30 percent are English-language learners.
In the next few weeks, the district will receive 150 hotspots for families who have broadband connectivity where they live but can鈥檛 afford to pay for service on their own, according to district superintendent Kathy Granger.
The district is also searching for a cellular hub that would serve several rural mobile home communities, and the county鈥檚 education office is negotiating with local satellite service providers to extend access. 鈥淎dequate service through them will not be available for several months,鈥� Granger said. In the meantime, 5 percent of the district鈥檚 students are starting the year with independent study or homeschooling; roughly half of those students don鈥檛 have the option to learn virtually at home, Granger said.
Others have turned to more drastic action.
The city of Chicago has to pay for up to four years of internet service at home for as many as 100,000 K-12 students, using a combination of public and philanthropic funds. After teachers and parents outside Comcast headquarters in Philadelphia this summer, the city that 35,000 low-income families will receive internet access either through a Comcast program or via a T-Mobile hotspot.
McClellan said the NAACP鈥檚 advocacy on this issue began in March when the organization鈥檚 clients on several school desegregation cases reported that their students weren鈥檛 able to access education from home.
The organization to 20 internet service providers in areas that serve large numbers of people of color, urging them to offer free Internet access to students for the entire school year; expand broadband infrastructure in currently underserved areas; and widely advertise internet access opportunities schools and students can use.
鈥淭his is obviously one thing they can concretely do that would have a huge impact on the ongoing institutional inequalities based on race,鈥� McClellan said.
The organization鈥檚 short-term goal is to identify public-private partnerships that will shrink the number of households without access to broadband service.
Building networks in rural areas, though, will take a more sustained commitment and federal support, McClellan said. 鈥淲e can鈥檛 just keep having this model of school districts or of local government agencies having to bid against each other鈥� for devices, she said.
Tech Access Is 鈥楳oral Imperative鈥�
The pandemic has accelerated some districts鈥� ongoing technology efforts.
Thompson said San Antonio schools鈥� five-year plan to give every student a device transformed overnight into a three-week plan. Teachers and tech coaches now recognize firsthand the value of developing specific expertise around online teaching, rather than simply translating classroom teaching skills to the virtual environment.
In the early 2000s, when Wilson was helping direct the state of Michigan鈥檚 1-to-1 device initiative for K-12 schools, she frequently found superintendents who didn鈥檛 want to spend on technology because 鈥渢hey thought it might be frivolous.鈥� Now, she says, 鈥渨e鈥檝e come full circle to where it鈥檚 a moral imperative.鈥�
The value of engaging students remotely during the pandemic, despite the challenges of executing it effectively and equitably, can鈥檛 be overstated.
On one of the first days 鈥渂ack to school鈥� in Indianapolis, Cowger popped in virtually to a 7th grade math class, and found herself tearing up at the excitement of the students and the enthusiasm of the teacher.
鈥淚t was, in some ways, so heartbreaking to watch adolescent kids have to create their personal connections through technology,鈥� Cowger said. 鈥淭heir little lit-up faces were so excited to dig into math and learn how to engage virtually with a whiteboard. That鈥檚 going to continue to be where we need to find the joy of teaching and learning.鈥�
Photo: Rich Pedroncelli/AP