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The first time Naomi Gordon-Loebl can remember taking to the streets, she wound up taking to the nearest tree. Accompanying her parents to a rally protesting the first Persian Gulf war 13 years ago, Naomi, then four years old, scooted up a suitable trunk in Washington鈥檚 Lafayette Park, across the street from the White House.

Now 17 years old, Ms. Gordon-Loebl, a Manhattan public school student, is a more seasoned activist, but no less strong-willed. On Aug. 29, the day before the Republican National Convention opened, the high school senior-to-be joined tens of thousands of protesters in a march that took them through the heart of Manhattan past Madison Square Garden, the site of the GOP gathering. Crowd estimates from protest organizers and media outlets ranged from 100,000 to 500,000, but city officials declined to release an official number.

Many of the student-protestors vented anger over a provision in the No Child Left Behind Act, the sweeping federal education initiative Mr. Bush signed into law in 2002, that requires schools to give military recruiters greater access to students鈥� personal information and makes it more difficult for districts to bar the recruiters from high school campuses. Those policies, at a time when the United States is immersed in conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, seemed to galvanize many of the activists.

鈥淎 school鈥檚 a place for knowledge, a place to learn, not necessarily what to think but how to think,鈥� said Ms. Gordon-Loebl, wearing sunglasses over her close-cropped hair. 鈥淭o have militaristic propaganda, to have the government recruiting for combat, for war, for violence, is wrong. ...A lot of people say well, it鈥檚 so easy to turn down a military recruiter. But a lot of people really don鈥檛 have other options. They鈥檙e recruiting people to go die for them. It鈥檚 not [students鈥橾 cause.鈥�

The students who descended upon New York City over the weekend also said they saw the war in Iraq as draining the federal budget of money that could be better spent on education鈥攊n particular, student financial aid and the No Child Left Behind Act. Numerous students pointed out that the maximum Pell Grant award has remained stagnant under the Bush administration (at $4,050 a year), and they predicted that rising tuition costs will force them to take out more loans, work more off-campus jobs, and eventually graduate with larger debt.

鈥淭he Bush administration has not been friendly to college students, and students in general,鈥� said Ashwini Hardikar, 19, who attends the University of Michigan. 鈥淗igher education should be a right, not a privilege. Overwhelmingly, it鈥檚 the privileged classes that have access.鈥�

The day before the march, Ms. Gordon-Loebl, Ms. Hardikar, and other student activists gathered at St. Mark鈥檚 Church in Manhattan鈥檚 East Village for an event titled 鈥淏ooks Not Bombs,鈥� which featured several teenage and college-age speakers from around the country. Later, they moved to a nearby university center for tutorials on topics ranging from student loans and the Patriot Act to how to conduct themselves at the protest. City officials had made preparations of their own: The New York City police department has at least 10,000 officers assigned to security throughout the week.

Competing Viewpoints

The next day, shortly before noon, Ms. Gordon-Loebl worked her way to the corner of 7th Avenue and 18th Street, where student groups had assembled for the march.

Deeper into the student crowd, Anika Fischer, 16, and Netta Levran, 15, both students at Hunter College High School in Manhattan, were beginning their first protest. They cited many of the same issues in talking about what brought them there that day, most notably opposition to the war in Iraq.

For the two teenagers, taking part in the protest meant more than winding their way through Manhattan amid heavy security and big crowds. It meant convincing their parents that they would be safe.

鈥淎t first, they were like, 鈥楤e careful, don鈥檛 get arrested,鈥欌�� said Ms. Fischer, wearing blue jeans and a T-shirt adorned with stickers. One read, 鈥溾�楴o鈥� to the Bush Agenda. 鈥�

鈥淚鈥檓 supposed to call them every two hours,鈥� she said.

Not all students in Manhattan that day were keen on the protesters鈥� message. Michael Garson, 16, caught a glimpse of the protestors not long after he and his family exited their train, having just arrived from Marlboro, N.J. He blamed the activists for taxing security forces that were already burdened with the week鈥檚 security concerns.

As the New Jersey student saw it, the protestors鈥� worries about education issues were overblown. Students still had every right to turn down military recruiters鈥� overtures, he said, despite what the activists claimed; and when it comes to paying for college, there was no reason the federal government鈥檚 obligations needed to grow.

In recent months, Republican supporters of the president have noted that federal education spending has increased 40 percent since Mr. Bush took office. Spending on Title I, the federal program that serves schools with heavy percentages of students from low-income families, has increased, too. If the protesters were trying to build anti-Bush sentiment, their efforts would backfire, Mr. Garson predicted.

鈥淚t鈥檒l drive more people away than it鈥檒l bring in,鈥� he said. The teenage Republican, attending his first convention as part of a youth organization, said the activists wouldn鈥檛 detract from his week. 鈥淚 just want to be a part of it,鈥� Mr. Garson said. 鈥淭he whole country is watching us now. Every channel, every news station is here.鈥�