Cross-posted from .
Sixteen-year-old students should be , a group of scientists wrote recently, citing the effects of changing sleep patterns on areas like health, learning, and memory.
And 18-year-olds should start their school day at 11 a.m., said the researchers, from Oxford University, Harvard University, and the University of Nebraska.
The position is a dramatic extension of previous research recommendations. In 2014, for example, the American Academy of Pediatrics said to better sync with students鈥� changing sleep cycles.
But such changes don鈥檛 go far enough, the researchers wrote in the August issue of Learning, Media and Technology. From the paper:
鈥淒uring adolescence biological changes dictate both a sleep duration of nine hours and later wake and sleep times, a phenomenon found in other mammals. At its peak the combination of these two biological changes leads to a loss of two to three hours sleep every school day. Thus, a 07:00 alarm call for older adolescents is the equivalent of a 04:30 start for a teacher in their 50s. Failure to adjust education timetables to this biological change leads to systematic, chronic and unrecoverable sleep loss. This level of sleep loss causes impairment to physiological, metabolic and psychological health in adolescents while they are undergoing other major physical and neurological changes.鈥�
The paper includes this chart, which summarizes the research on the various effects of sleep loss on teens.
As the researchers note, even U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan has lent his support to later school start times.
Common sense to improve student achievement that too few have implemented: let teens sleep more, start school later
-- Arne Duncan (@arneduncan)
But few schools are matching practice with research in this area. As the CDC recently reported,
So why aren鈥檛 schools making such changes? Here are a few thoughts:
Effects on families, jobs, parents鈥� schedules- If teens started school at 10 a.m., when would they get out of school? And how would that affect after-school jobs, athletics, and responsibilities to look after younger siblings?
Some educators may not see the importance of the research- 鈥淭he impact of early school times on adolescents is not understood by most educators: a common belief is that adolescents are tired, irritable and uncooperative because they choose to stay up too late, or are difficult to wake in the morning because they are lazy,鈥� the researchers write. 鈥淓ducators tend to think that adolescents learn best in the morning and if they simply went to sleep earlier, it would improve their concentration.鈥�
Cost- It鈥檚 expensive to change bus routes, teacher contracts, and the way school facilities are used. For example, Virginia鈥檚 185,000-student Fairfax County district estimated it would cost about $5 million to slightly shift its middle school and high school start times this year.
But the researchers say the changes are worth it, even if schools aren鈥檛 starting as late as they suggest.
鈥淭he financial cost of most other interventions to improve health and attainment in adolescents appears to be far greater than later starts in schools,鈥� the paper says. 鈥淚mplementation of later starts may have some financial costs depending on the education system, though such costs are relative modest in comparison with the positive impact.鈥�
What do you think? Can you imagine a high school starting at 10 a.m.?
Further reading on sleep and school times: