On a foggy December night, silence envelops this tiny agricultural town nestled at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains. But turn onto a narrow two-lane paved road, and soon noise punctuates the air.
In a corner of a 68-acre school campus here, the thwack of hockey sticks hitting blacktop and shouts of teenagers echo across acres of peach orchards. Halogen lights flood a basketball court where a half-dozen middle and high school students dodge and weave during the street hockey game, their faces rosy-cheeked from exertion.
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It seems like a typical after-school game. But such physical activity was unthinkable for these students a few short months ago.
In September, some couldn鈥檛 walk from their dormitory to the main school building without getting winded. A leisurely two-mile bike ride left them exhausted.
But in this hour-long game, many dart up and down the court in short bursts of speed.
The students attend the private Academy of the Sierras, billed as the nation鈥檚 first weight-loss school for obese teenagers. Students must be at least 30 pounds overweight for two years to attend the yearlong boarding school, which offers mandatory exercise, behavioral therapy, college-prep classes, and a healthy food regimen.
The aim: shedding and keeping off excess pounds through improving all dimensions of a student鈥攁cademic, emotional, and physical, school administrators say. The school has 32 students, many of them girls, and may enroll up to 70 8th to 12th graders by the end of the school year
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鈥淲e鈥檙e teaching a lifestyle, a healthy obsession,鈥� says Daniel S. Kirschenbaum, the director of Healthy Living Academies, a division of the for-profit Aspen Education Group, which owns the Academy of the Sierras. The company, based in Cerritos, Calif., operates 30 therapeutic boarding schools, as well as weight-loss camps and outdoor education programs in 11 states.
That means that while academy staff members guide the students, the responsibility to change bad habits rests on the students鈥� shoulders. So the students constantly monitor themselves: They write down the number of calories and fat grams they eat at each meal. They wear pedometers (as does the staff) to ensure they walk at least 10,000 steps daily. And they keep journals noting their emotional, physical, and academic progress.
鈥淪elf-monitoring is key to successful weight loss,鈥� says Molly Carmel, who as clinical director is in charge of the school鈥檚 behavior therapy program. 鈥淓veryone is empowered.鈥�
Unlike other popular weight-loss programs, the academy doesn鈥檛 stint on food. Students can have their fill of a colorful salad and fruit bar, which features 鈥渦ncontrolled foods鈥� that are low in calories and fat. 鈥淐ontrolled foods鈥濃�攕uch as baked ham, rice, and potato pancakes鈥攁re carefully measured by cafeteria employees. Students can come back for seconds, but must note the amounts in their food journals.
Mal Mahedy, a veteran of weight-loss camps at age 16, says she鈥檚 learning a new way to eat. 鈥淭here are a lot of different selections here,鈥� she says. 鈥淣ot like at weight-loss camp, where all I ate were veggie burgers.鈥�
Cooking healthy, low-fat meals is also one of the practical skills the students learn. They prepared most of the dishes for both the school鈥檚 Thanksgiving dinner and Christmas banquet.
When 12-year-old Jarrett Fitzpatrick first came to the Academy of the Sierras, he carried more than 200 pounds on his 5-foot-5 frame.
The sandy-haired 8th grader from suburban Chicago was a pro at air hockey, but fumbled in more active pursuits such as volleyball and softball. His excess weight prematurely wore down his shoes, and he regularly got blisters on his feet.
At his old middle school, thinner classmates taunted him, his grades plummeted, and he had very low self-esteem, his father says. And Jarrett, who has three older, thinner siblings, continued to gain weight.
鈥淥nce you鈥檙e a little overweight, someone makes fun of you, and you start overeating to make yourself feel better,鈥� says his father, Brian Fitzpatrick, a small-business owner and retired commodities broker.
So Jarrett came to the academy, which was founded to meet the needs of students who are overweight. He was unsure about the school at first, he admits, and sometimes got overwhelmed with its expectations.
But in his first three months at the academy, Jarrett lost 50 pounds. His grades have improved, and he seems to have calmed down and matured, his father says.
When he was home for Christmas, Jarrett continued to count his calories religiously. When he went to the movies, he asked whether the popcorn was air-popped or cooked in oil, says his father, amused.
Some of Jarrett鈥檚 healthy habits have also rubbed off on his father, 48, who now wears a pedometer to track his daily steps, and tries to eat more healthfully.
鈥淚 really questioned whether a healthy diet and exercise would work,鈥� says Mr. Fitzpatrick. 鈥淎nd it鈥檚 working wonderfully.鈥�
鈥擱hea R. Borja
鈥淏efore I came here,鈥� Mal says as she chops onions in culinary class, 鈥淚 didn鈥檛 even know how to crack an egg.鈥�
That is one of many differences students experience when they come here.
Another is that the ubiquitous noise of modern technologies is muted. GameBoys, televisions, and computers are barred from dorm rooms. Internet use is limited to academic research in a computer lab under adult supervision, and students are allowed to call home just twice a week. The lone TV set resides in the workout room, in front of shiny new exercise machines.
鈥淚f you really want to see 鈥楾he O.C.,鈥� 鈥� says program director Dan Barney, referring to the popular teenage drama, 鈥測ou have to do it while on a treadmill.鈥�
In fact, the students exercise throughout the day, starting with a two- to three-mile walk at 7 a.m. and ending at 10 p.m. with a vigorous game of hockey or basketball. They have weekly sessions with a personal trainer, and sometimes the students go on active overnight trips, such as camping and hiking in nearby Kings Canyon National Park.
Many of the students here lacked the study skills, discipline, and motivation to get good grades at their former schools. So each of them gets a personal academic plan and attends mandatory study hall every night after dinner. Academic director Krista Chikwava also works with the students鈥� home schools to ensure students take the classes they need so they will be on track when they return to those schools.
Classes here are harder than at his old school in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., says Kevin Marema, 12. 鈥淭he deadlines for assignments are longer, and the teachers aren鈥檛 constantly reminding us,鈥� he says. 鈥淪o it puts more responsibility on the student.鈥�
Therapy is also a major component of the academy. Many of the students, who were often teased at their old schools, battle behavioral or mental-health problems. So they attend two group-therapy sessions and two individual sessions a week.
The sessions help students understand the emotional issues underlying their weight gain. And they learn how to better cope in a world that tempts people with a double cheeseburger and fries in one commercial, only to taunt them with images of stick-thin models in another.
鈥淸Therapy] is the heart of the change process,鈥� says Kirschenbaum.
The Academy of the Sierras is a venture into the unknown for the Aspen Education Group. No blueprint existed for such a school, says David Burns, the academy鈥檚 director of operations.
Many of the students, who were often teased at their old schools, battle behavioral or mental-health problems.
The company has sunk at least $5 million into buying and renovating the school and its capacious grounds, which border the Kings River. The school, once a convalescent hospital run by Mennonites, likely won鈥檛 see a profit for at least a couple of years, Burns says.
It opened as childhood-obesity rates are a rising concern. The percentage of overweight 6- to 19-year-olds nationwide has tripled since 1980, to 16 percent, according to the Atlanta-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Consequently, obesity-related illnesses such as Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea have increased sharply in children and adolescents.
鈥淲e have really fumbled the ball,鈥� says Paul M. Ribisl, a professor of health and exercise science at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, N.C. 鈥淚n this society, exercise is gone and food is everywhere.鈥�
What鈥檚 most alarming, he adds, is that while the increasing rates of obesity in adults have been gradual, the rise in childhood obesity has been more dramatic.
So the Academy of the Sierras is an idea whose time has come, Ribisl says. He applauds how the school is trying to change unhealthy behaviors gradually and in a supportive setting.
鈥淎 school that teaches them about their bodies and shows that everyone can manage their own weight is good,鈥� he says.
At 16, Terry Henry sports multiple body piercings, messy hair, and an impish grin. He favors black T-shirts with statements such as 鈥淐haos. Pain. Disorder. I see my work here is done,鈥� and displays an often-bawdy sense of humor.
In September, the 5-foot-11 student from Exeter, N.H., weighed 511 pounds, couldn鈥檛 walk a block without wheezing, and couldn鈥檛 get off a couch without help. By December, he was 116 pounds lighter and had dropped 11 clothing sizes.
He says he鈥檚 more energetic and routinely logs more than 20,000 steps a day. And Terry, who once slammed his fist into a brick wall in frustration, feels less angry and more self-confident. He looks forward to going home to his family and friends.
鈥淚 get to show them my new self,鈥� he says with a shy smile.
Other students have similar tales. In September, many were at times sullen and sluggish. All were homesick. By mid-December, they look markedly thinner and seem more confident.
Kevin, who has lost 40 pounds so far, and now weighs about 200 pounds, says both of his parents have had gastric-bypass surgery, which reduces a stomach to the size of a golf ball. He didn鈥檛 want that in his future. So he chose to go to the academy. 鈥淭his was almost my last resort,鈥� Kevin says.
One major criticism of the school is its tuition. At $5,500 a month, or $44,000 per school year, it is out of reach for most families.
Being teenagers, the students still lapse into bouts of uncertainty and moodiness. And sometimes the tension between students is palpable. Tempers flare.
鈥淭here鈥檚 a lot of drama here right now,鈥� says Tiara Jones, 16, one morning before final exams as a classmate yells in exasperation to another, who screams back.
Yet for the most part, the students are supportive of one another, and even comfortable enough to poke fun at themselves.
One morning in the computer lab, 12-year old Jarrett Fitzpatrick Googles 鈥渇at animals.鈥� Images of portly cats pop up on his computer screen. Scrolling over a photo of a rotund prairie dog, he stage whispers, 鈥淭hat鈥檚 the AOS mascot.鈥�
Another night, a handful of students swim in the school鈥檚 heated outdoor pool despite the chilly temperature. Steam rises from the water as 16-year-old Theresa Cocuzza gets ready to dive in.
鈥淲atch it!鈥� she yells to the students already in the pool. 鈥淔at person coming through!鈥�
They laugh good-naturedly, but Jarrett admonishes her. 鈥淲e鈥檙e all fat,鈥� he says. 鈥淵ou can鈥檛 say that.鈥�
鈥淵es I can. I鈥檓 not skinny,鈥� Theresa says indignantly.
鈥淵ou are,鈥� he insists. 鈥淵our suit is falling off of you.鈥�
She doesn鈥檛 reply, but looks pleased. Indeed, while her pink one-piece swimsuit is not, in fact, falling off, it is several sizes too big. Over the past few months, she鈥檚 lost more than 40 pounds.
But experts say that losing weight is only half the battle. Keeping the weight off is the real test. Judith S. Stern, the co-founder and vice president of the Washington-based American Obesity Association, is one expert who is taking a wait-and-see approach before drawing conclusions about the academy.
鈥淚 have no doubt they鈥檒l lose weight when they鈥檙e in the program,鈥� she says of the students. 鈥淏ut what about when they go back home?鈥�
That鈥檚 something the academy prepares for, says Carmel, the clinical director. The students go to local restaurants each month, for example, to get used to ordering nutritious meals. They鈥檝e gone on a scavenger hunt at a local supermarket to find low-fat food. Teachers and members of the residential staff also talk to parents weekly about their children鈥檚 progress and how they can help them once they return.
And once the students leave the school, they鈥檒l participate in a six-month online 鈥渁fter care鈥� program. The Web site will include a journal so they can keep monitoring their diet and exercise, a message board so they can chat with other students, and a venue to communicate with an academy therapist.
鈥淲e start discharge planning from day one,鈥� says Carmel.
In September, many were at times sullen and sluggish. All were homesick. By mid-December, they look markedly thinner and seem more confident.
Thanksgiving was the first time the students were home. Almost all kept monitoring what they ate. Only two gained weight, which was less than a pound.
But many of the students did not keep exercising, says Ryan Craig, the academy鈥檚 executive director. So when the students went home for Christmas, they were given personalized instructions on how to keep physically active.
Another criticism of the school is its price tag. At $5,500 a month, or $44,000 per school year, the academy is out of reach for most families. The poor and some minority groups have higher obesity rates than the national average, notes Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director for Action For Healthy Kids, a Skokie, Ill.-based nonprofit organization that aims to improve nutrition and physical activity in public schools.
鈥淔or a lot of kids, this school isn鈥檛 going to be an affordable option,鈥� she says.
The academy鈥檚 monthly cost is in the upper range for therapeutic boarding schools, which cost $3,700 to $5,500 a month, according to the Prescott, Ariz.,-based National Association of Therapeutic Schools and Programs.
Craig points out that medical insurance often covers a portion of the school fees. He adds that the school offers a student loan program, and may promote scholarships for students in the future.
On one of the last school nights in December, multicolored lights swirl in a darkened room, Usher鈥檚 鈥淵eah!鈥� pounds on the stereo system, and students wave neon-green glow-sticks in time with the hip-hop beat. A machine blows bubbles above the students鈥� bobbing heads.
It鈥檚 the academy鈥檚 first holiday dance, and all of the students are throwing their best moves on the dance floor. In a few days, they go home for Christmas, and the students鈥� exuberance is infectious.
They sing along. They jump up and down. Terry plays air guitar and hops on both feet. He gets carried away, and falls on the confetti-littered floor. But he doesn鈥檛 retreat to the sidelines in embarrassment.
Instead, he laughs, gets up, and brushes himself off. He starts dancing again.
