Lexington Elementary School exhibited many of the classic characteristics of schools that wage parent-trigger campaigns in California.
Revolving-door leadership. Pervasive student bullying. Low student expectations and test scores. Dismal teacher morale.
By the time a local resident called the Los Angeles-based parent-trigger advocacy group Parent Revolution for help in 2013, parent frustration and anger had reached a tipping point.
But parents at the K-12 school never collected a single signature to mount a petition drive under California鈥檚 controversial . They never sought a charter school conversion, either, one of the sweeping structural actions permitted under the law.
Rather, they used the so-called parent-trigger law as leverage. After months of organizing, meeting, and negotiating, the parents, principal, and superintendent signed a memorandum of understanding last May committing to stronger student discipline and improved parent involvement for example. They even marked the occasion with a huge fiesta.
鈥淲e were worried that the district didn鈥檛 want to work with us,鈥� Maria Garcia, a member of the Pomona Parents and Community Members Union, said in Spanish during a recent conversation at a local Starbucks, where Lexington parents often gather.
Everyone involved in the negotiations agrees that the threat of using options under the parent-trigger was ever-present throughout the discussions about Lexington. The school is located about 30 miles east of Los Angeles, and about 90 percent of the school鈥檚 600 students are Hispanic and come from low-income families.
Today, all parties say they are pleased with the agreement, which included hiring a teacher on special assignment in charge of student discipline, creating three new computer labs, adding extracurricular sports like soccer and basketball, and holding parent education sessions on subjects ranging from nutrition to bullying.
So how did Lexington avoid a full-blown parent-trigger campaign like the one that transformed an Adelanto, Calif., school into a charter, or the divisive petition drive currently underway in Anaheim, Calif.?
The key players involved in Lexington鈥檚 negotiations believe it took persistence, a detailed assessment of needs, empowered leadership, and a willingness to accept responsibility for past missteps.
Pomona Unified School District Superintendent Richard Martinez, who was familiar with California鈥檚 drama-filled parent-trigger campaigns, said he was determined to take a different route.
鈥淵ou鈥檝e got to let that [parent] frustration and anger come out,鈥� Mr. Martinez said during a recent interview in the school principal鈥檚 office. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 something you as a leader ... get paid to do, to take a few of those hits鈥攕ometimes a lot of those hits.鈥�
Honest Conversations
That鈥檚 not to say that Lexington鈥檚 鈥渘ontrigger鈥� campaign was easy. During the early stages of the process, the school鈥檚 principal left for a position with another district. Over a six-year period Lexington has had five principals.
Compounding the school鈥檚 longstanding troubles was the city of Pomona itself. Pomona, where almost a third of residents live below the poverty line, has been grappling with violent crime for years. In January 2014, a man was shot in the park adjacent to Lexington鈥檚 heavily gated campus just as students were being dismissed for the day. The school鈥檚 principal and security officer ran to the man鈥檚 aid while ordering a school lockdown.
鈥淚t was very hostile at the school,鈥� Silvestre Maravilla, Lexington鈥檚 principal said.
Mr. Maravilla, who had been the principal of a Pomona middle school, was hired to take over Lexington in December 2013. Back then, he recalled, 鈥淭eachers would sit in their cars in the parking lot waiting for the first bell to ring in the morning. ... People didn鈥檛 want to be here.鈥�
Initially, district officials weren鈥檛 keen on Parent Revolution鈥檚 presence in Pomona either, and tried to 鈥渂low us off,鈥� said Jesus Sanchez, who was then Parent Revolution鈥檚 lead organizer in Pomona. But Mr. Sanchez, who is now the chief strategy officer for the private consulting firm Excellent Educational Solutions, said eventually district and school leaders were 鈥渂rave enough to have honest conversations鈥� with parents.
Once negotiations began in earnest in December 2013, the principal and superintendent attended every meeting with parent union members. For the next 17 hours of meetings, they listened and took copious notes as parents鈥攚ho had carefully crafted their arguments with Mr. Sanchez鈥檚 assistance鈥攄etailed their concerns. Then Mr. Maravilla drafted a strategy to tackle Lexington鈥檚 challenges.
A Phoenix Rises
A native of East Los Angeles, a predominantly low-income and Hispanic neighborhood, Mr. Maravilla said he relates to Lexington鈥檚 parents, which made it easier to find common ground.
鈥淸The parents] were really disenfranchised,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hey had every right to be upset.鈥�
One of Lexington鈥檚 challenges also involved dismantling an unsanctioned parent-teacher organization chapter on campus, which parents and teachers say heightened tension at the school. Mr. Maravilla said the school hopes to start a PTA chapter in its place.
Veteran 6th grade teacher Michael Mitchell admits some staff members initially were concerned about individual teachers and parents being singled out and criticized. But he said once it was clear that most people involved in the discussions were genuinely trying to serve students, the school community relaxed.
鈥淭he [parents] were like the phoenix that rose out of the ashes,鈥� he said.
Lexington always had some good teachers, but a few 鈥渄idn鈥檛 do or couldn鈥檛 do all they could do to help students,鈥� parent Liliana Martinez said in Spanish, through a translator. The mother of two Lexington students said she talked with her daughter鈥檚 teacher about getting her better prepared for high school last school year, but there was no support outside the classroom.
For his part, Mr. Maravilla evaluated every Lexington teacher and had the superintendent鈥檚 support to remove two teachers from their positions. Other teachers received additional support or changed grade levels, which he said has boosted their confidence.
To encourage team-building, Mr. Maravilla said the office is always stocked with coffee and snacks, and on Fridays, Lexington teachers are encouraged to wear their school T-shirts.
鈥淸Mr. Maravilla] has created an environment where teachers and parents are working together,鈥� Ms. Garcia said.
During a recent potluck meal with parents for an English-learner advisory committee meeting, Mr. Maravilla recalls joking with parents: 鈥淩emember how much you used to hate me?鈥�
鈥淲e can laugh about it now,鈥� he said, smiling broadly. Then he added: 鈥淚n the end, we all wanted what was best for the kids.鈥�
